Human Blood and Hemoglobin Functions

Blood is contained within vessels.

Blood is not contained in vessels.

Percentage of blood volume composed of red blood cells.

Red blood cells containing hemoglobin.

Liquid part of blood carrying dissolved substances and waste.

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

A condition where red blood cells have an abnormal shape that reduces oxygen-carrying capacity.

Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body.

The process of blood cell production.

Normally, red blood cells are disc-shaped.

Damage to the brain caused by exposure to lead fumes.

Lead shot used for hunting can cause health problems in ducks because lead is poisonous.

Lead poisoning in ducks weakens their eggs.

Lead can be absorbed into the body from various sources.

Steel shot is a safer alternative to lead shot for hunting.

White blood cells that engulf and destroy bacteria and viruses.

White blood cells that are part of the immune system and fight infections.

A genetic disorder where blood doesn't clot properly due to missing clotting factors.

Small, bean-shaped organs that filter lymph fluid and contain white blood cells to fight infections.

Bacteria cause infections, triggering your lymph nodes to produce macrophages to fight them off. This can lead to swollen lymph nodes.

A substance found in blood vessels that initiates blood clotting.

Calcium is found in the plasma (liquid part of blood) and bones.

White blood cells that engulf and destroy bacteria and other harmful substances.

A vitamin produced in the large intestine which is essential for blood clotting.

Swollen lymph nodes are a sign that they are working hard to fight off an infection. The macrophages are busy engulfing bacteria.

The process begins with the release of thromboplastin, a protein that initiates a chain reaction leading to clot formation.

Calcium ions, Vitamin K, and prothrombin are essential components that work together to activate the clotting process.

Prothrombin is a protein that is converted into thrombin, an enzyme crucial for blood clotting.

Fibrinogen is a protein that gets converted into fibrin, a long, thread-like protein forming the meshwork of a blood clot.

Heparin is a natural anticoagulant that prevents blood clotting by inhibiting the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

A condition where the blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport.

The process by which certain white blood cells engulf and destroy foreign invaders like bacteria or viruses.

Tiny cell fragments in the blood responsible for forming blood clots to stop bleeding.

The soft, spongy tissue found inside bones where blood cells, including red blood cells, are produced.

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder where blood doesn't clot properly due to a deficiency in clotting factors.

Vertebrates have a closed circulatory system where blood is confined within vessels, unlike open systems where blood flows freely in body cavities.

Blood plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, the body's stable internal environment, by transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, regulating temperature, and fighting infections.

Platelets gather at the site of a wound, forming a clot that stops bleeding. The clot eventually becomes a scab.

Heparin is a substance that dissolves blood clots. It can be used medically to prevent blood clots from forming or to break down existing clots.

If too much heparin is present, it can dissolve a scab, leading to continued bleeding.