Human Biology Lecture 10: Digestive System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

  • Transporting oxygen
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Converting food into nutrients (correct)
  • Producing energy

    • Which enzyme in saliva begins the process of converting starches into maltose disaccharides?

  • Trypsin
  • Amylase (correct)
  • Lipase
  • Lysozyme

    • What happens if more food energy is consumed than is used in activity?

  • Boost in metabolic rate
  • Increased muscle mass
  • Improved digestion
  • Storage of excess energy as fat (correct)

    • Where does food conversion into nutrients primarily occur in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the digestive tract contains smooth muscle and is responsible for mechanical breakdown of food particles?

    <p>Muscularis externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of the tongue in the oral cavity?

    <p>Initiating swallowing and moving food bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

    <p>Cover the tracheal opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement does the esophagus undergo to push food towards the stomach?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cardioesophageal sphincter?

    <p>Control food entry into the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does acid reflux or heartburn occur?

    <p>When acidic digestive juices enter the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system secretes gastric digestive juices?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the peristaltic wave in the esophagus?

    <p>Unidirectional towards the stomach only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for protein digestion in the stomach?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system absorbs 80% of ingested water, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?

    <p>Small Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pH range is necessary for the action of pepsin in protein digestion?

    <p>pH 1.5-2.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pyloric sphincter in the stomach?

    <p>Regulation of chyme movement into the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the colon in the digestive system?

    <p>Extracting water from undigested food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the vermiform appendix located?

    <p>Between the small intestine and large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates pepsinogen into its active form, pepsin, in the stomach?

    <p>Low pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the large intestine in the digestive process?

    <p>Absorbing vitamin B and K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the stomach produce hydrochloric acid (HCL)?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does gastric emptying typically occur after a meal?

    <p>Within two to six hours after a meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive system stores feces until elimination?

    <p>Rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ileocecal valve in the digestive system?

    <p>Controlling food movement to large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the liver in relation to nutrients?

    <p>Processes absorbed vitamins and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ adds secretions and enzymes that help break down food into nutrients?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?

    <p>Stores bile and concentrates bile salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of glycogen in the body?

    <p>Energy reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is the body unable to produce and must be obtained from food?

    <p>Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intestinal flora help extract nutrition from?

    <p>Plant fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the appendix in the digestive system?

    <p>Play a minor role in immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the large intestine is responsible for storing feces until elimination?

    <p>Rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement propels feces during elimination in the digestive system?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sphincter regulates the exit of feces in the digestive tract involuntarily?

    <p>Inner sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of saliva in the digestive process?

    <p>To buffer the pH of the food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the digestive tract contains soft connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and lymphatics?

    <p>Submucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the large intestine, what is the function of the intestinal flora found in the colon?

    <p>Aid in the absorption of vitamins and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parts of the large intestine reabsorbs water from undigested food?

    <p>Colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme in saliva initiates the breakdown of starches into disaccharides?

    <p>Salivary amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of consuming more food energy than the body uses in activity?

    <p>Increased fat deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does food conversion into nutrients mainly occur within the digestive system?

    <p>Digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ helps in moving the chewed and moistened food bolus from the mouth into the pharynx?

    <p>Tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bile produced by the liver in the digestive system?

    <p>Neutralizes acidic chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ stores bile and concentrates bile salts to assist in digestion?

    <p>Gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the pancreas in the digestive system?

    <p>Secretes bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess sugars in the body according to the text?

    <p>Converted into glycogen for storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient must be obtained from food because the body cannot produce it?

    <p>Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of intestinal flora in the digestive system?

    <p>Extracting nutrition from plant fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the highly acidic environment in the stomach during protein digestion?

    <p>Activates pepsinogen into its active form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the stomach lining protect itself from the acidic environment and pepsin?

    <p>By producing thick mucus that traps pepsinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chyme in the digestive process?

    <p>Facilitates nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the stomach are responsible for producing hydrochloric acid (HCL)?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine?

    <p>Muscular reflexes and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is gastric emptying most likely to occur after a meal?

    <p>2-6 hours after eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the villi in the small intestine?

    <p>Increase the surface area for nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is responsible for mixing chyme with pancreatic juices?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bile salts in the digestion process?

    <p>Increase lipid digestion efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ produces and stores bile, releasing it into the duodenum to aid in digestion?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of disaccharidases enzymes secreted by the small intestines?

    <p>Convert disaccharides into monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sphincter is located between the duodenum and the stomach, regulating the passage of chyme into the small intestine?

    <p>Pyloric sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liver produces insulin to help with digestion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human bodies have the ability to digest cellulose (fiber) on their own.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excess sugars in the body are primarily converted into proteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gallbladder aids the liver by storing and concentrating bile salts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digestible carbohydrates are broken down into glucose during digestion to provide energy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins in food are broken down into fatty acids during the digestion process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ileocecal valve is located at the beginning of the small intestine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of the colon is to absorb vitamins B, C, and K.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rectum stores urine until defecation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer sphincter that regulates the exit of feces is involuntary.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The large intestine is much longer in length compared to the small intestine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vermiform appendix has a significant role in immunity in humans.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epiglottis is a flap-like structure that covers the esophageal opening during swallowing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peristaltic movement in the esophagus is a voluntary reflex.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cardioesophageal sphincter is located between the esophagus and the small intestine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heartburn occurs when alkaline digestive juices escape back into the esophagus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stomach is a tubular organ that connects the pharynx to the small intestine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The peristaltic wave in the esophagus can move food from the mouth to the stomach and also allows for reverse movement.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The small intestine has three parts: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile is produced in the pancreas and stored in the gallbladder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chyme is mixed with acidic solution rich in bicarbonate that neutralizes the acidity of chyme from the stomach.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saliva contains an enzyme called lipase that helps break down proteins in the food.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The wall of the small intestines secrete disaccharidases enzymes to facilitate digestion of polysaccharides into monosaccharides.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Obesity can result from consuming more food energy than is used in activity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microvilli are microscopic projections found on top of villi in the small intestine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pyloric sphincter is located between the jejunum and the ileum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of the liver in the digestive system is to produce and store bile for digestion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The esophagus undergoes peristalsis to push food towards the mouth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary role of the large intestine in the digestive process is the absorption of nutrients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The submucosa layer of the digestive tract contains smooth muscle responsible for mechanical breakdown of food particles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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