3rd Quarter Study Note: The Digestive System

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the Digestive System?

  • Transporting nutrients to cells
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Breaking down and absorbing nutrients from food and liquid (correct)
  • Producing energy for the body

Which process involves the breakdown of food by both mechanical and chemical mechanisms?

  • Ingestion
  • Peristalsis
  • Secretion
  • Digestion (correct)

What is the function of peristalsis in the digestive system?

  • Facilitating chemical digestion of nutrients
  • Physical movement or pushing of food along the digestive tract (correct)
  • Releasing digestive fluids
  • Absorbing nutrients from food

Which part of the body releases saliva and gastric juices to aid in digestion?

<p>Mouth and stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in the digestive system?

<p>Breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into simpler forms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves taking food into the body?

<p>Ingestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the absorption of nutrients and water take place in the digestive tract?

<p>Small intestine and large intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for the chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes, as well as mechanical processing through muscular contractions?

<p>Stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the salivary glands in the digestive system?

<p>Secretion of lubricating fluid containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for the dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination?

<p>Large intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

<p>Secretion of digestive enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for the storage and concentration of bile?

<p>Gallbladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pharynx in the digestive system?

<p>Muscular propulsion of materials into the esophagus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tongue in the digestive process?

<p>Assisting with mechanical processing by chewing (mastication) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the oral cavity (mouth) in the digestive process?

<p>Ingestion, mechanical processing with accessory organs, moistening, mixing with salivary secretions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Digestive System

Responsible for breaking down and absorbing nutrients from food.

Functions of Digestive System

Includes ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, secretion, and absorption.

Ingestion

The act of taking food into the body, starting with chewing and swallowing.

Peristalsis

The physical movement of food through the digestive tract.

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Digestion

Breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means.

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Secretion

Release of digestive fluids and enzymes to aid in food breakdown.

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Absorption

Passage of digested food into the bloodstream for distribution.

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Major Organs of Digestive Tract

Includes oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

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Oral Cavity

Responsible for ingestion and mechanical processing of food.

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Esophagus

Transports materials from the pharynx to the stomach.

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Stomach

Breaks down materials chemically and mechanically.

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Small Intestine

Further breaks down materials and absorbs nutrients.

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Large Intestine

Dehydrates and compacts indigestible materials for elimination.

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Accessory Organs

Include teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

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Pancreas

Secretes buffers, enzymes, and hormones for digestion regulation.

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Study Notes

  • The Digestive System is responsible for breaking down and absorbing nutrients from food and liquids, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair.
  • The functions of the Digestive System include ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, secretion, and absorption.
  • Ingestion is the taking of food into the body, and it begins with chewing and swallowing.
  • Peristalsis is the physical movement or pushing of food through the digestive tract.
  • Digestion is the breakdown of food by both mechanical and chemical mechanisms.
  • Secretion involves the release of digestive fluids and enzymes to aid in the breakdown of food.
  • Absorption is the passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems for distribution to body's cells.
  • The major organs of the Digestive Tract include the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs such as teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
  • The oral cavity is responsible for ingestion, the mechanical processing of food with accessory organs like teeth and tongue, and moistening and mixing with salivary secretions.
  • The pharynx propels materials into the esophagus.
  • The esophagus transports materials to the stomach.
  • The stomach chemically breaks down materials with acid and enzymes and mechanically processes them through muscular contractions.
  • The small intestine further chemically breaks down materials with acid and enzymes and mechanically processes them through muscular contractions, where absorption occurs.
  • The large intestine dehydrates and compacts indigestible materials in preparation for elimination.
  • Accessory organs include teeth for mechanical processing, the tongue for analysis, salivary glands for lubricating fluid containing enzymes, the liver for secretion of bile and storage of nutrients, the gallbladder for storage concentration of bile, and the pancreas for exocrine cells that secrete buffers and digestive enzymes and endocrine cells that secrete hormones.

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