Human Biology Chapter on Skin and Immune System

<p>2 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medulla (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eccrine glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cause hair to stand on end (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terminal hair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of melanin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They directly engulf and destroy pathogens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as key anti-viral proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They modulate the behavior of other immune cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They develop an antiviral state to inhibit viral replication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapidly occurring immune responses to various infections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidermis and Dermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protection from UV light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They elevate the overlying epidermis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is also known as the superficial fascia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of melanin produced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Color uniformity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acquired immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical barrier against pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consumes nutrients essential for pathogens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has no time lag. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B-lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist in the destruction of pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To find, eat, and digest microbes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysozyme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kill virus/bacteria infected cells and cancer cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bind to microbes and trigger immune responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signaling molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They release granules containing perforins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It comes into action when external defenses are breached (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outermost layer of skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

The deeper layer of skin, made of strong connective tissue, containing blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles.

The layer of tissue beneath the dermis, mainly composed of fat cells, anchoring the skin and providing insulation.

The main pigment found in skin, responsible for the color variations we observe.

Special cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis that produce melanin.

A natural pigment found in carrots and yellow vegetables, which can contribute to skin coloration.

The pigment found in red blood cells, giving the pinkish hue to light skin.

Epidermal growths extending into the dermis, including hair, nails, and glands.

Hard keratin plates protecting fingertips and toes, corresponding to hooves and claws in animals.

The part of the nail responsible for its growth.

A complex structure composed of epidermal and dermal components, responsible for hair growth.

The bulb-shaped base of a hair follicle containing epithelial cells surrounding a papilla.

Connective tissue in the hair bulb that supplies nutrients for hair growth.

Fine, short hairs found all over the body.

Longer, coarser hairs, often pigmented.

Glands that produce sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin.

Cells that release signaling molecules called cytokines in response to infection.

Viral proteins that interfere with virus replication in neighboring cells.

A state in which cells are primed to resist viral infection through the activation of antiviral proteins.

A type of cytokine with a broad range of immune-modulating effects.

A type of cytokine produced by virus-infected monocytes and lymphocytes.

A non-specific immune response that provides the first line of defense against pathogens. It's rapid, doesn't require prior exposure, and lacks memory.

A specific immune response that targets specific pathogens. It's slower than innate immunity but provides long-lasting protection.

A type of white blood cell responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens.

A type of protein that helps kill bacteria by disrupting their cell membrane.

A type of immune cell that directly kills infected cells or tumor cells.

A type of white blood cell that matures into a plasma cell, which produces antibodies.

A type of white blood cell involved in cell-mediated immunity. They recognize and destroy infected cells directly.

A type of chemical messenger that helps regulate and coordinate the immune response.

A condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the skin, often caused by excessive sun exposure.

A type of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin.

A type of white blood cell that can find, engulf, and destroy microbes by phagocytosis.

Specialized granules within neutrophils that contain enzymes and other antimicrobial substances.

An enzyme found in neutrophil granules that breaks down bacterial cell walls.

A type of white blood cell that migrates from the bloodstream into tissues and transforms into macrophages.

Large, phagocytic cells that engulf microbes and other debris in tissues.

A process by which cells engulf and destroy foreign particles or microbes.

Transmembrane proteins found on macrophages and other cells that recognize and bind to specific microbial components.

A complex interplay of cells and proteins that provide the body's first line of defense against pathogens.