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Questions and Answers
The Muscular system consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by ______
tendons
The Integumentary system provides ______ from the environment
protection
The characteristic of life known as ______ refers to the condition in which the parts of an organism have specific relationships to each other
organization
The Cardiovascular system transports ______ throughout the body
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ANATOMY is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one ______.
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The female Reproductive system includes the ______ which produce milk
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The goal of physiology is to understand and predict the body’s response to a ______.
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The ______ level is the basic and functional unit of all plants and animals.
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A group of similar cells and materials surrounding them is referred to as the ______ level.
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The goal of physiology is to understand how the body maintains ______.
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Study Notes
Anatomy and Physiology
- Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another.
- There are two approaches in studying anatomy: systemic approach (study of the body by systems) and regional approach (study of the body by areas).
Physiology
- Physiology is the study of the function or process of the body.
- Goals of physiology include understanding and predicting the body's response to a stimulus and understanding how the body maintains homeostasis.
Structural and Functional Organization
- Chemical level: atomic and chemical level.
- Cellular level: deals with organelles.
- Tissue level: group of similar cells and materials surrounding them, includes connective, muscular, epithelial, and nervous tissues.
- Organ level: two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.
- Organ system level: group of organs classified as a unit to perform a common function or set of functions.
Organ Systems
- M.I.N.D.C.U.R.L.E.R.S. is an acronym for the organ systems in the human body:
- Muscular system: produces body movement, maintains posture, and produces body heat.
- Integumentary system: provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and produces vitamin D precursors.
- Nervous system: detects sensations, controls movements, physiologic processes, and intellectual functions.
- Digestive system: performs mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
- Cardiovascular system: transports nutrients, wastes, gases, and hormones, plays a role in immune response, and regulates body temperature.
- Urinary system: removes wastes from the blood, regulates pH, ion balance, and water balance.
- Respiratory system: exchanges O2 and CO2, regulates pH.
- Lymphatic system: removes foreign substances, combats diseases, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fat.
- Endocrine system: maintains homeostasis.
- Skeletal system: protects and supports, facilitates body movement, forms blood cells, and stores minerals and fat.
- Reproductive system (female): facilitates fertilization, fetal development, milk formation, and hormone production.
- Reproductive system (male): produces sperm and hormones.
Organism Level
- The organism level considers the whole organism, whether composed of one cell or trillions of cells.
Characteristics of Life
- Organization: condition in which the parts of an organism have specific relationships to each other.
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Description
An introduction to the study of human body structure and function, covering systemic and regional approaches to anatomy and physiological processes.
