Human Behavior: Preventing and Diffusing Aggressive Behavior
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of this lesson plan?

  • To focus on verbal communication skills only
  • To emphasize the importance of non-verbal signals
  • To teach recruits how to respond to physical violence
  • To provide recruits with skills to identify and diffuse aggressive behavior (correct)

    • What is the duration of this lesson plan?

  • 4 hours (correct)
  • 2 hours
  • 8 hours
  • 6 hours

    • What is the goal of active listening skills?

  • To Identify Verbal Aggression
  • To Communicate Effectively with the Public (correct)
  • To Diffuse Anxiety Behavior
  • To Counter Physical Assaults

    • What is the significance of non-verbal and verbal signs?

    <p>All of the Above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of observing and listening?

    <p>To Make Accurate Assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of diversionary techniques?

    <p>To Counter Physical Assaults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of an assertive attitude?

    <p>To Utilize in Communication with the Public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of this lesson plan's objectives?

    <p>To Prevent and Diffuse Aggressive Behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of utilizing an assertive attitude while communicating with the public?

    <p>To create a win-win interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of active listening skills?

    <p>To create the impression of being concerned and willing to listen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should an officer respond to anxious or distressed behavior?

    <p>With supportive responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of intervention techniques for verbal aggression?

    <p>To allow the subject to vent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying external clues in verbal aggression?

    <p>To predict the likelihood of verbal aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of diversionary techniques in counter physical assault?

    <p>To redirect the subject's attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having a mental plan in high-risk situations?

    <p>To identify options for defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an officer prioritize when approaching a high-risk situation?

    <p>Assessing the environment for escape routes and potential threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of practicing body movements in defensive tactics?

    <p>To effectively respond to physical assault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using positive verbal commands in diversionary techniques?

    <p>To redirect the subject's attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of time do Asians maintain eye contact?

    <p>18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred if someone avoids making eye contact in American society?

    <p>They are shy or insecure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be indicated by gaze direction before a physical attack?

    <p>Plan to strike a specific target</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred from a person's head position?

    <p>Their level of assertiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be indicated by a person's lip movements?

    <p>Their anxiety or anger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be indicated by a person's hand positioning?

    <p>Their level of aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be indicated by a person's breathing rate?

    <p>Their level of anxiety or aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be indicated by a person's posture?

    <p>Their level of confidence or aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be indicated by a person's facial expressions?

    <p>Their level of anxiety or fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be indicated by a person's elbow positioning?

    <p>Their level of tension or anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does expanding the body to appear larger usually signify?

    <p>Aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a person is cornered?

    <p>They have three options: resist, submit, or flee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended seating arrangement for effective communication?

    <p>Sit at a 45-degree angle, at least four feet away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended way to communicate verbally?

    <p>Use a calm, reassuring voice on their level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of repeating what the subject has said?

    <p>To show interest and active listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended way to redirect anger?

    <p>By saying 'I feel you WERE angry' or similar phrases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of physically cornering a subject?

    <p>They may resist, submit, or flee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended way to handle a subject who has conceded to leave an area?

    <p>Allow them to leave on their own and save face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of asking questions in a non-threatening manner?

    <p>To show interest and concern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended tone of voice for communication?

    <p>Calm and reassuring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended distance to approach someone to avoid invading their personal zone?

    <p>Four to six feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of blading your body at forty-five degrees when approaching someone?

    <p>To reduce anxiety levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'Father Murphy' position in de-escalation techniques?

    <p>One hand in the other hand with palms up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of personal and cultural needs of people and the interaction of space and communication?

    <p>Proxemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate distance of the intimate zone in Proxemics?

    <p>Zero to eighteen inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of maintaining eye contact in communication?

    <p>To indicate concern and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should you maintain eye contact when speaking to someone?

    <p>45% of the time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended response to someone who is not making eye contact?

    <p>Be attentive and use head nods to show support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of breaking eye contact in communication?

    <p>To reduce anxiety levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cultural difference in personal space that is observed in people raised in crowded cities?

    <p>They have a smaller personal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physiological response when an individual is preparing to attack?

    <p>Tunnel vision and auditory exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended response when you see several or a cluster of aggressive signals?

    <p>Use loud, positive commands and an aggressive stance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of submission in an aggressor?

    <p>Putting their hands up, palms out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the single most important word in the dictionary according to the text?

    <p>A person's first name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider factors such as age, size, and gender when using force?

    <p>To ensure that you are using the minimum amount of force necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of re-directed activity in aggression?

    <p>To redirect the aggressor's attention to a less intimidating object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is walking with someone effective in reducing anxiety?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of communication is verbal, according to the text?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an aggressor's parasympathetic nervous system takes over?

    <p>They become more submissive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended response when an aggressor is in close proximity to a firearm?

    <p>Use a defensive tool to create space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using positive commands like 'STOP'?

    <p>To unbalance the mind and cause fear or confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to prioritize justification of your actions in a report?

    <p>To protect yourself from lawsuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of using loud and positive voice commands in a situation of imminent assault?

    <p>A delay in the aggressor's reaction, allowing for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of continued verbalization in a situation of conflict?

    <p>It reinforces commands and creates an intense state of conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of empathy in active listening?

    <p>Putting yourself in another's shoes and listening to their ideas or problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How fast do we hear compared to how fast we speak, according to the text?

    <p>We hear 400 words per minute and speak 125 words per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of avoiding starting sentences with 'YOU' in active listening?

    <p>It is usually followed by 'SHOULD', which can lead to conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is body language important in active listening?

    <p>You are being watched and analyzed by the subject</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the first stage of conflict?

    <p>To establish dominance in a social hierarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical response to the release of adrenaline in the first stage of conflict?

    <p>Increased heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of 'ritualized combat' in the second stage of conflict?

    <p>To announce one's intent to attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended verbal response to an aggressor in the second stage of conflict?

    <p>Allowing the aggressor to vent for a reasonable time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical response to increased adrenaline flow in the second stage of conflict?

    <p>Increased heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of management in the second stage of conflict?

    <p>To get the aggressor back to the first stage of conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical response to losing control physically in the third stage of conflict?

    <p>Spontaneous and significant physical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended non-verbal response to an aggressor in the second stage of conflict?

    <p>Leaning forward with palms out and maintaining eye contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of setting limits in the management of conflict?

    <p>To provide a clear direction for resolving the conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of failing to enforce limits in the management of conflict?

    <p>Decreased credibility and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Preventing and Diffusing Aggressive Behavior

    • This section aims to provide recruits with basic skills to identify and manage aggressive behavior, using communication and behavioral tools to prevent or diffuse aggression.

    Assertive Attitude

    • Characteristics of an assertive attitude: win-win interaction, listening, and respect.
    • Benefits of assertive attitude: establishes trust, honesty, and cooperation.

    Active Listening Skills

    • Empathetic skills: create an impression of concern, willingness to listen, and allow venting.
    • Key elements: body language, paralanguage, proxemics, and kinesics.

    Intervention Responses

    • Appropriate responses to different behaviors:
      • Anxiety: supportive.
      • Verbal aggression: assertive.
      • Physical violence: defensive.

    Diffusing Anxiety Behavior

    • Supportive techniques:
      • Introduce yourself.
      • Ask to repeat.
      • Ask questions.
      • Use reflective techniques.
      • Clarify implied statements.
      • Isolate the problem.
      • Redirect anger to the past.
      • Use their name.
      • Use "we".
      • Get them to sit or walk.
      • Use pacing and voice control.

    Diffusing Verbal Aggression

    • Techniques:
      • Allow venting.
      • Active listening.
      • Set clear limits.
      • Enforce limits.
      • Use positive verbal commands.

    Intervention Diversionary Techniques

    • Techniques:
      • Practiced body movements.
      • Defensive tactics.
      • Effective body language.
      • Positive verbal commands.
      • Throwing or dropping objects.

    The Approach

    • Mental preparation: plan for potential violence.
    • Physical preparation:
      • Take three deep breaths.
      • Approach at a safe distance (4-6 feet).
      • Approach at a 45-degree angle.
      • Keep hands at waist level.
      • Keep feet shoulder-width apart.

    Space (Proxemics)

    • Understanding personal and cultural needs of space.
    • Four zones: intimate, personal, social, and public.
    • Environmental and cultural differences affect personal space.
    • Gender and age differences in personal space.

    Eye Contact

    • Importance of eye contact in non-verbal communication.
    • Eye contact can indicate:
      • Concern.
      • Support.
      • Confidence.
      • Authority.
    • Cultural differences in eye contact.
    • Maintaining eye contact:
      • 45% of the time.
      • Reducing eye contact can help maintain a "helper" role.

    Gestures and Posture

    • Head:
      • Back: aggression.
      • Straight: assertiveness.
      • Bowed or nodding: support or submission.
    • Face:
      • Tension.
      • Teeth clenched.
      • Skin color.
    • Lips:
      • Quivering: anxiety.
      • Pushed forward: anger.
      • Tight or tense: assault imminent.
    • Breathing:
      • Rate increases with aggression.
      • Heaving chest: sign of attack.
    • Shoulders:
      • Back: aggression.
      • Straight: assertiveness.
      • Forward: submission.
    • Arms:
      • Crossed and high: aggression.
      • Loosely crossed and low: non-aggression.
      • Above waist and out: non-aggressive.
      • Above waist and in: aggression.
      • Above waist and bladed: aggression.
      • Below waist and in: non-aggressive.
      • Below waist and out: possible aggression.
    • Palms:
      • Wrings: anxiety.
      • Opening and closing: aggression.
      • On hips: assertion.
      • Folded in front of groin: non-aggressive.
      • In boxing stance: aggressive.
      • Closed fists: aggressive.
      • One hand open, one closed: look for weapon.
      • One or both behind back: watch for weapons.
    • Elbows:
      • Close to body: tension.
      • Away from body: relaxed.
    • Index fingers:
      • Pulling trigger: aggression.
      • Runs across throat: aggression.
    • Legs or stance:
      • Weight equal on both feet: non-aggressive.
      • Bobbing up and down: aggression.
      • Rocking toes to heels: aggression.
      • Front knee bent, rear locked: aggression.
      • Shift body toward you: aggression.
      • Shift body away: looking for escape, weapon, or submission.

    Verbal Communications

    • Importance of verbal communication in de-escalation.

    • Key elements:

      • Calm and reassuring voice.
      • Tone of voice.
      • Volume.
      • Rate of speech.

    • Techniques:

      • Introduction.
      • Ask questions.
      • Repeat what they say.
      • Use active listening.
      • Redirect anger.
      • Use voice control.
      • Use positive commands.### Conflict Resolution

    • When dealing with an aggressor, continue to verbalize commands to create an intense state of conflict between aggression and fear.

    • Use active listening to open and maintain communication, including empathy, listening, paralanguage, and body language.

    Active Listening

    • Empathy: Put yourself in another's shoes and listen to their ideas or problems.
    • Listen: Listening shows concern and allows for venting anger or frustration.
    • Avoid labeling or prejudging people; their problems are real to them.
    • Body language: Tilt your head to show interest, nod your head to show understanding, and keep your hands open.

    Stages of Conflict

    • There are three stages of conflict:
      • Anxiety: Fear, hate, disappointment, sorrow, jealousy, stress, guilt, paranoia, distrust of authority, or feeling cornered.
      • Losing control verbally: Verbal aggression, threats, and counter-threats.
      • Losing control physically: Physical action, such as fighting.

    Recognizing Loss of Control

    • People lose control to establish dominance in a social hierarchy or to establish territorial rights.
    • External changes: Face color darkens, veins appear, lips are licked, little eye contact, shallow breathing, sighing, and eyebrows frown.
    • Internal changes: Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and adrenaline release.

    Management

    • Reduce anxiety by active listening.
    • Non-verbal: Be assertive, non-threatening, and maintain eye contact.
    • Verbal: Allow venting, set limits, and give directions.
    • Physical: Separate aggressors, substitute yourself, and move away.
    • If losing control physically, create space, use loud positive commands, and divert attention.

    Losing Control Physically

    • External changes: Face color changes, distortion of the left side of the face, aggressors break their stare, and verbalization stops.
    • Internal changes: Heart rate high, blood pressure high, tunnel vision, auditory exclusion, and large amounts of adrenaline flow.

    Management of Physical Loss of Control

    • Create space, use loud positive commands, and divert attention.
    • Use defensive tools, such as OC Spray, PR-24, or an Expandable baton.
    • Move quickly into an escort position and take control of the aggressor.

    Signals of Submission

    • Put hands up, palms out.
    • State "I give up".
    • Turning back with hands covering the head.
    • Reduction in violent movement.
    • Bowing head.
    • Lowering eyes and looking down.
    • Verbal tone and volume decrease.
    • Total inactivity.

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    Description

    This lesson plan covers identifying aggressive behavior and using communication tools to prevent or diffuse it. It's designed for law enforcement recruits to learn basic skills for de-escalation.

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