Human Behavior: Preventing and Diffusing Aggressive Behavior

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What is the primary objective of this lesson plan?

To provide recruits with skills to identify and diffuse aggressive behavior

What is the duration of this lesson plan?

4 hours

What is the goal of active listening skills?

To Communicate Effectively with the Public

What is the significance of non-verbal and verbal signs?

All of the Above Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of observing and listening?

To Make Accurate Assessments Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of diversionary techniques?

To Counter Physical Assaults Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of an assertive attitude?

To Utilize in Communication with the Public Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of this lesson plan's objectives?

To Prevent and Diffuse Aggressive Behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of utilizing an assertive attitude while communicating with the public?

To create a win-win interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of active listening skills?

To create the impression of being concerned and willing to listen Signup and view all the answers

How should an officer respond to anxious or distressed behavior?

With supportive responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of intervention techniques for verbal aggression?

To allow the subject to vent Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying external clues in verbal aggression?

To predict the likelihood of verbal aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of diversionary techniques in counter physical assault?

To redirect the subject's attention Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having a mental plan in high-risk situations?

To identify options for defense Signup and view all the answers

What should an officer prioritize when approaching a high-risk situation?

Assessing the environment for escape routes and potential threats Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of practicing body movements in defensive tactics?

To effectively respond to physical assault Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using positive verbal commands in diversionary techniques?

To redirect the subject's attention Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of time do Asians maintain eye contact?

18% Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred if someone avoids making eye contact in American society?

They are shy or insecure Signup and view all the answers

What can be indicated by gaze direction before a physical attack?

Plan to strike a specific target Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred from a person's head position?

Their level of assertiveness Signup and view all the answers

What can be indicated by a person's lip movements?

Their anxiety or anger Signup and view all the answers

What can be indicated by a person's hand positioning?

Their level of aggression Signup and view all the answers

What can be indicated by a person's breathing rate?

Their level of anxiety or aggression Signup and view all the answers

What can be indicated by a person's posture?

Their level of confidence or aggression Signup and view all the answers

What can be indicated by a person's facial expressions?

Their level of anxiety or fear Signup and view all the answers

What can be indicated by a person's elbow positioning?

Their level of tension or anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What does expanding the body to appear larger usually signify?

Aggression Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a person is cornered?

They have three options: resist, submit, or flee Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended seating arrangement for effective communication?

Sit at a 45-degree angle, at least four feet away Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to communicate verbally?

Use a calm, reassuring voice on their level Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of repeating what the subject has said?

To show interest and active listening Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to redirect anger?

By saying 'I feel you WERE angry' or similar phrases Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of physically cornering a subject?

They may resist, submit, or flee Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to handle a subject who has conceded to leave an area?

Allow them to leave on their own and save face Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of asking questions in a non-threatening manner?

To show interest and concern Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended tone of voice for communication?

Calm and reassuring Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended distance to approach someone to avoid invading their personal zone?

Four to six feet Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of blading your body at forty-five degrees when approaching someone?

To reduce anxiety levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Father Murphy' position in de-escalation techniques?

One hand in the other hand with palms up Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of personal and cultural needs of people and the interaction of space and communication?

Proxemics Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate distance of the intimate zone in Proxemics?

Zero to eighteen inches Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of maintaining eye contact in communication?

To indicate concern and support Signup and view all the answers

How often should you maintain eye contact when speaking to someone?

45% of the time Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended response to someone who is not making eye contact?

Be attentive and use head nods to show support Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of breaking eye contact in communication?

To reduce anxiety levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the cultural difference in personal space that is observed in people raised in crowded cities?

They have a smaller personal space Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physiological response when an individual is preparing to attack?

Tunnel vision and auditory exclusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended response when you see several or a cluster of aggressive signals?

Use loud, positive commands and an aggressive stance Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of submission in an aggressor?

Putting their hands up, palms out Signup and view all the answers

What is the single most important word in the dictionary according to the text?

A person's first name Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider factors such as age, size, and gender when using force?

To ensure that you are using the minimum amount of force necessary Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of re-directed activity in aggression?

To redirect the aggressor's attention to a less intimidating object Signup and view all the answers

Why is walking with someone effective in reducing anxiety?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of communication is verbal, according to the text?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an aggressor's parasympathetic nervous system takes over?

They become more submissive Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended response when an aggressor is in close proximity to a firearm?

Use a defensive tool to create space Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using positive commands like 'STOP'?

To unbalance the mind and cause fear or confusion Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to prioritize justification of your actions in a report?

To protect yourself from lawsuits Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using loud and positive voice commands in a situation of imminent assault?

A delay in the aggressor's reaction, allowing for movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of continued verbalization in a situation of conflict?

It reinforces commands and creates an intense state of conflict Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of empathy in active listening?

Putting yourself in another's shoes and listening to their ideas or problems Signup and view all the answers

How fast do we hear compared to how fast we speak, according to the text?

We hear 400 words per minute and speak 125 words per minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of avoiding starting sentences with 'YOU' in active listening?

It is usually followed by 'SHOULD', which can lead to conflict Signup and view all the answers

Why is body language important in active listening?

You are being watched and analyzed by the subject Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the first stage of conflict?

To establish dominance in a social hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical response to the release of adrenaline in the first stage of conflict?

Increased heart rate and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'ritualized combat' in the second stage of conflict?

To announce one's intent to attack Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended verbal response to an aggressor in the second stage of conflict?

Allowing the aggressor to vent for a reasonable time Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical response to increased adrenaline flow in the second stage of conflict?

Increased heart rate and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of management in the second stage of conflict?

To get the aggressor back to the first stage of conflict Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical response to losing control physically in the third stage of conflict?

Spontaneous and significant physical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended non-verbal response to an aggressor in the second stage of conflict?

Leaning forward with palms out and maintaining eye contact Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of setting limits in the management of conflict?

To provide a clear direction for resolving the conflict Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of failing to enforce limits in the management of conflict?

Decreased credibility and control Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Preventing and Diffusing Aggressive Behavior

This section aims to provide recruits with basic skills to identify and manage aggressive behavior, using communication and behavioral tools to prevent or diffuse aggression.

Assertive Attitude

Characteristics of an assertive attitude: win-win interaction, listening, and respect.
Benefits of assertive attitude: establishes trust, honesty, and cooperation.

Active Listening Skills

Empathetic skills: create an impression of concern, willingness to listen, and allow venting.
Key elements: body language, paralanguage, proxemics, and kinesics.

Intervention Responses

Appropriate responses to different behaviors:
- Anxiety: supportive.
- Verbal aggression: assertive.
- Physical violence: defensive.

Diffusing Anxiety Behavior

Supportive techniques:
- Introduce yourself.
- Ask to repeat.
- Ask questions.
- Use reflective techniques.
- Clarify implied statements.
- Isolate the problem.
- Redirect anger to the past.
- Use their name.
- Use "we".
- Get them to sit or walk.
- Use pacing and voice control.

Diffusing Verbal Aggression

Techniques:
- Allow venting.
- Active listening.
- Set clear limits.
- Enforce limits.
- Use positive verbal commands.

Intervention Diversionary Techniques

Techniques:
- Practiced body movements.
- Defensive tactics.
- Effective body language.
- Positive verbal commands.
- Throwing or dropping objects.

The Approach

Mental preparation: plan for potential violence.
Physical preparation:
- Take three deep breaths.
- Approach at a safe distance (4-6 feet).
- Approach at a 45-degree angle.
- Keep hands at waist level.
- Keep feet shoulder-width apart.

Space (Proxemics)

Understanding personal and cultural needs of space.
Four zones: intimate, personal, social, and public.
Environmental and cultural differences affect personal space.
Gender and age differences in personal space.

Eye Contact

Importance of eye contact in non-verbal communication.
Eye contact can indicate:
- Concern.
- Support.
- Confidence.
- Authority.
Cultural differences in eye contact.
Maintaining eye contact:
- 45% of the time.
- Reducing eye contact can help maintain a "helper" role.

Gestures and Posture

Head:
- Back: aggression.
- Straight: assertiveness.
- Bowed or nodding: support or submission.
Face:
- Tension.
- Teeth clenched.
- Skin color.
Lips:
- Quivering: anxiety.
- Pushed forward: anger.
- Tight or tense: assault imminent.
Breathing:
- Rate increases with aggression.
- Heaving chest: sign of attack.
Shoulders:
- Back: aggression.
- Straight: assertiveness.
- Forward: submission.
Arms:
- Crossed and high: aggression.
- Loosely crossed and low: non-aggression.
- Above waist and out: non-aggressive.
- Above waist and in: aggression.
- Above waist and bladed: aggression.
- Below waist and in: non-aggressive.
- Below waist and out: possible aggression.
Palms:
- Wrings: anxiety.
- Opening and closing: aggression.
- On hips: assertion.
- Folded in front of groin: non-aggressive.
- In boxing stance: aggressive.
- Closed fists: aggressive.
- One hand open, one closed: look for weapon.
- One or both behind back: watch for weapons.
Elbows:
- Close to body: tension.
- Away from body: relaxed.
Index fingers:
- Pulling trigger: aggression.
- Runs across throat: aggression.
Legs or stance:
- Weight equal on both feet: non-aggressive.
- Bobbing up and down: aggression.
- Rocking toes to heels: aggression.
- Front knee bent, rear locked: aggression.
- Shift body toward you: aggression.
- Shift body away: looking for escape, weapon, or submission.

Verbal Communications

Importance of verbal communication in de-escalation.
Key elements:
- Calm and reassuring voice.
- Tone of voice.
- Volume.
- Rate of speech.
Techniques:
- Introduction.
- Ask questions.
- Repeat what they say.
- Use active listening.
- Redirect anger.
- Use voice control.
- Use positive commands.### Conflict Resolution
When dealing with an aggressor, continue to verbalize commands to create an intense state of conflict between aggression and fear.
Use active listening to open and maintain communication, including empathy, listening, paralanguage, and body language.

Active Listening

Empathy: Put yourself in another's shoes and listen to their ideas or problems.
Listen: Listening shows concern and allows for venting anger or frustration.
Avoid labeling or prejudging people; their problems are real to them.
Body language: Tilt your head to show interest, nod your head to show understanding, and keep your hands open.

Stages of Conflict

There are three stages of conflict:
- Anxiety: Fear, hate, disappointment, sorrow, jealousy, stress, guilt, paranoia, distrust of authority, or feeling cornered.
- Losing control verbally: Verbal aggression, threats, and counter-threats.
- Losing control physically: Physical action, such as fighting.

Recognizing Loss of Control

People lose control to establish dominance in a social hierarchy or to establish territorial rights.
External changes: Face color darkens, veins appear, lips are licked, little eye contact, shallow breathing, sighing, and eyebrows frown.
Internal changes: Increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and adrenaline release.

Management

Reduce anxiety by active listening.
Non-verbal: Be assertive, non-threatening, and maintain eye contact.
Verbal: Allow venting, set limits, and give directions.
Physical: Separate aggressors, substitute yourself, and move away.
If losing control physically, create space, use loud positive commands, and divert attention.

Losing Control Physically

External changes: Face color changes, distortion of the left side of the face, aggressors break their stare, and verbalization stops.
Internal changes: Heart rate high, blood pressure high, tunnel vision, auditory exclusion, and large amounts of adrenaline flow.

Management of Physical Loss of Control

Create space, use loud positive commands, and divert attention.
Use defensive tools, such as OC Spray, PR-24, or an Expandable baton.
Move quickly into an escort position and take control of the aggressor.

Signals of Submission

Put hands up, palms out.
State "I give up".
Turning back with hands covering the head.
Reduction in violent movement.
Bowing head.
Lowering eyes and looking down.
Verbal tone and volume decrease.
Total inactivity.

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