Human Behavior and Victimology Midterm Coverage: Development Defined
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Questions and Answers

What is the key characteristic of voluntary behavior?

  • It is habitual and unconscious.
  • It is unlearned and instinctual.
  • It is under the direct control of the cerebral cortex. (correct)
  • It is symbolic and expressed through body language.

    • Which type of behavior is typically characterized by the use of symbols and body language?

  • Habitual behavior
  • Complex behavior
  • Symbolic behavior (correct)
  • Instinctive behavior

    • Which personality trait is associated with a balance of extrovert and introvert characteristics?

  • Extroversion
  • Ambiversion (correct)
  • Introversion
  • Neuroticism

    • Which personality trait is associated with individuals who are generally moody, sensitive, and anxious?

    <p>Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between involuntary and voluntary behavior?

    <p>Involuntary behavior occurs automatically, while voluntary behavior is under the direct control of the individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of somatoform pain disorders?

    <p>Specific and chronic pain without a physical cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of introverted individuals?

    <p>Outgoing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of somatization disorder?

    <p>Chronic and recurrent physical symptoms without a clear physical cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of brain pathology amnesia?

    <p>Total loss of memory that cannot be retrieved by simple means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of psychogenic amnesia?

    <p>Failure to recall stored information, but the forgotten material is still present unconsciously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with somatization disorder?

    <p>Functional blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is characterized by functional blindness, deafness, or paralysis without a physical cause?

    <p>Conversion disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the persistent fear of some objects or situations that present no actual danger?

    <p>Phobic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of phobia mentioned in the text?

    <p>Trypanophobia (fear of needles)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the impulse to set fire?

    <p>Pyromania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of asthenic disorders (neurasthenia)?

    <p>Chronic mental and physical fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mania mentioned in the text?

    <p>Agoraphobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the preoccupation with one's state of health or diseases, despite a lack of physical evidence?

    <p>Somatoform disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of development that shifts from ignorance?

    <p>Knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of human life span occurs between the ages of 40 and 60 years?

    <p>Middle Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe tasks that arise at specific periods in an individual's life and whose successful achievement leads to happiness and success with later tasks?

    <p>Developmental Tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of human life span precedes Early Adulthood?

    <p>Adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the period from conception to birth?

    <p>Prenatal period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the text?

    <p>Defining the concept of human development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the early years of life?

    <p>They are critical in establishing attitudes, habits, and behavior patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between maturation and learning as described in the text?

    <p>Maturation is determined by genetic factors, while learning requires effort and exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the interrelationship between maturation and learning?

    <p>There is a definite timetable for when certain learning can occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about individual differences in development, according to the text?

    <p>All individuals are biologically and genetically different from one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of development following a predictable pattern, according to the text?

    <p>It makes it possible to predict and plan education and training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Behavior and Victimization

    Development

    • Defined as a progressive series of changes leading to maturity
    • Early foundation (first two years of life) is critical for physical and emotional development
    • Maturation and learning play important roles in development
    • Maturation is growth determined primarily by genetic factors, while learning comes from exercise and effort
    • Three facts emerge from the interrelationship of maturation and learning:
      • Variation is possible due to human capability for learning
      • Maturation sets limits beyond which progress is possible, even with favorable learning methods and motivation
      • There is a definite timetable for learning

    Classifications of Human Behavior

    • Habitual behavior: motorized behavior, usually manifested in language and emotion
    • Instinctive behavior: generally unlearned, instinctual behaviors, such as survival instincts
    • Symbolic behavior: behaviors carried out through unsaid words and body signs
    • Complex behavior: combines two or more of the above classifications

    Personality Traits Affecting Human Behavior

    • Extroversion: characterized by interests directed toward the external environment, people, and things
    • Introversion: characterized by direction of interest toward oneself and one's inner world of experiences
    • Ambiversion: a balance of extrovert and introvert characteristics
    • Neuroticism: persons high in neuroticism react intensely and are generally moody, touchy, depressed, sensitive, and anxious or nervous

    Somatization Disorder

    • An intensely and chronically uncomfortable condition, indirectly creating a high risk of medical complications
    • Characterized by chronic and recurrent aches, pains, fever, tiredness, and other symptoms of bodily illness

    Conversion Disorders and Somatoform Pain Disorders

    • Conversion disorders: somatoform disorders characterized by serious somatic symptoms (e.g., functional blindness, deafness, paralysis) without any physical cause
    • Somatoform pain disorders: somatoform disorders characterized by chronic pain without any physical cause

    Dissociative Disorders

    • Response to obvious stress characterized by:
      • Amnesia: partial or total inability to recall or identify past experiences
      • Brain pathology amnesia: total loss of memory that cannot be retrieved by simple means
      • Psychogenic amnesia: failure to recall stored information, still beneath the level of consciousness but "forgotten material"

    Types of Dissociative Disorders

    • Kleptomania: the impulse to steal
    • Megalomania: the impulse for fame or power
    • Pyromania: the impulse to set fire
    • Suicidal mania: the impulse to take one's life

    Anxiety Disorders

    • Asthenic Disorders (Neurasthenia): characterized by chronic mental and physical fatigue and various aches and pains
    • Phobic Disorders: characterized by persistent and unrealistic fear of specific objects or situations
    • Types of Phobias:
      • Acrophobia: fear of high places
      • Agoraphobia: fear of open spaces and market places
      • Malgophobia: fear of pain
      • Astraphobia: fear of storms, thunder, and lightning
      • Gynophobia: fear of dogs
      • Claustrophobia: fear of closed places
      • Hematophobia: fear of blood
      • Mysophobia: fear of contamination or germs
      • Monophobia: fear of being alone
      • Nyctophobia: fear of darkness
      • Ochlophobia: fear of crowds
      • Hydrophobia: fear of water
      • Pathophobia: fear of disease
      • Pyrophobia: fear of fire
      • Syphilophobia: fear of syphilis
      • Zoophobia: fear of animals or some particular animals

    Somatoform Disorders

    • Complains of bodily symptoms that suggest the presence of a physical problem but no organic basis can be found
    • Preoccupation with one's state of health or diseases

    Stages of Human Life Span

    • Prenatal period: conception to birth (0-9 months)
    • Infancy: birth to the end of the second week
    • Babyhood: end of the second week to the end of the second year
    • Early Childhood: two to six years
    • Late Childhood: six to ten or twelve years
    • Puberty or Pre-Adolescence: ten or twelve to 13 or 14 years
    • Adolescence: 13 or 14 to 18 years
    • Early Adulthood: 18 to 40 years
    • Middle Age: 40 to 60 years
    • Old Age or Senescence: 60 to death

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concept of development in human behavior and victimology, emphasizing its significance, especially in the first two years of life. Topics include the establishment of attitudes, habits, and behavior patterns that impact adjustments as individuals age.

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