Human Behavior and Organizational Behavior Quiz

Psychologists and Their Theories

• Sigmund Freud believed that irrational motives make up the hidden subconscious mind, which determines the major part of people's behavior.
• John B. Watson formulated the theory of learned behavior, stating that a person can be trained to behave according to the wish of the trainer.
• B.F. Skinner developed the theory of behavior modification, concluding that people tend to repeat their behavior when receiving a positive stimulus like money or praise.
• Carl Rogers focused on the person as an individual, believing that people should acquire their own values and attitudes rather than adhering to a fixed set of prescribed goals.
• Fritz Perls developed gestalt psychology, which aims to integrate conflicting needs into an organized whole, enabling personal growth and development.
• Abraham Maslow referred to self-actualization, which can be achieved by working up a hierarchy of needs.

Ethics and Organizational Behavior

• Ethics refer to the set of moral choices a person makes based on what they ought to do.
• Organizational ethics define right or wrong behavior in organizations.
• Ethical behavior is morally "good" and "right" as opposed to "bad" and "wrong".
• Examples of ethical issues include conflict of interest, fairness and honesty, communication, and relationship within the organization.

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

• Attitudes are evaluative statements – either favorable or unfavorable – concerning objects, people, or events.
• Cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of attitudes reflect how one feels about something.
• Cognitive dissonance arises from any inconsistency between two or more attitudes, or between behavior and attitudes.
• Job satisfaction is strongly correlated with the work itself and social components.

Human Behavior and Organizational Behavior

• Human behavior refers to the physical actions of a person that can be seen or heard, exhibited with thoughts, feelings, emotions, and sentiments.
• Organizational behavior is the study of human behavior in organizations, of the interaction between individuals and the organization, and of the organization itself.
• The goals of OB are to explain and understand behavior, comprising people, structure, technology, and environment.
• Personal growth and effectiveness are essential for success in the workplace.

Additional Key Concepts

• Frederick W. Taylor is known as the father of scientific management, using scientific analysis and experiment to increase worker output.
• Elton Mayo conducted the Hawthorne studies, concluding that social interaction is a factor for increased productivity.