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Questions and Answers
According to William James, instincts are motivators of behavior and come from within the organism, leading to the initiation of behavior. This view is associated with which instinct theory?
According to William James, instincts are motivators of behavior and come from within the organism, leading to the initiation of behavior. This view is associated with which instinct theory?
Which type of behavior is not flexible to learning according to ethological instinct theory?
Which type of behavior is not flexible to learning according to ethological instinct theory?
In Clark Leonard Hull's drive theory, what maintains internal equilibrium and provides the energy to do things?
In Clark Leonard Hull's drive theory, what maintains internal equilibrium and provides the energy to do things?
According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, what type of problems require high motivation?
According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, what type of problems require high motivation?
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According to Edward Tolman, is drive reduction necessary for learning?
According to Edward Tolman, is drive reduction necessary for learning?
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What type of learning involves a decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
What type of learning involves a decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
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What causes an increase in response occurring upon repeated presentation of a stimulus that reliably elicits the response?
What causes an increase in response occurring upon repeated presentation of a stimulus that reliably elicits the response?
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What is involved in Gill withdrawal, resulting in more permanent changes after five shocks?
What is involved in Gill withdrawal, resulting in more permanent changes after five shocks?
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According to Hull's Model, what will become stronger if followed by satisfying events?
According to Hull's Model, what will become stronger if followed by satisfying events?
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What is the main role of drive in Hull's drive theory?
What is the main role of drive in Hull's drive theory?
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Which theory proposes that instincts are behaviors with survival value encoded in genes and are sensitive to changes in the environment?
Which theory proposes that instincts are behaviors with survival value encoded in genes and are sensitive to changes in the environment?
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What is the term for the decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
What is the term for the decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
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What is the process that allows us to predict things about learning?
What is the process that allows us to predict things about learning?
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Which part of the nervous system is composed of neurons?
Which part of the nervous system is composed of neurons?
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What triggers neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic membrane into the synapse?
What triggers neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic membrane into the synapse?
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In vertebrates, how is the CNS organized?
In vertebrates, how is the CNS organized?
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What is the focus of the General-Process Approach to the Study of Learning?
What is the focus of the General-Process Approach to the Study of Learning?
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What is the methodological implication of the General-Process Approach?
What is the methodological implication of the General-Process Approach?
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What is the rationale for the use of nonhuman animals in research on learning?
What is the rationale for the use of nonhuman animals in research on learning?
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What is the main argument in the public debate about research with nonhuman animals?
What is the main argument in the public debate about research with nonhuman animals?
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What constitutes the ethical treatment of animals in research?
What constitutes the ethical treatment of animals in research?
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What is the argument against using animals for human benefit?
What is the argument against using animals for human benefit?
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What is the term for a temporary reduction in sensitivity of sensory neurons and organs to react to a stimulus due to repeated or excessive exposure?
What is the term for a temporary reduction in sensitivity of sensory neurons and organs to react to a stimulus due to repeated or excessive exposure?
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Which neurobiological change is specific to habituation and not present in sensory adaptation and response fatigue?
Which neurobiological change is specific to habituation and not present in sensory adaptation and response fatigue?
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What is the term for an increase in the elicited response to a given stimuli from repeated exposure or a very strong exposure?
What is the term for an increase in the elicited response to a given stimuli from repeated exposure or a very strong exposure?
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Which effect is characterized by an initial sensitization effect followed by habituation?
Which effect is characterized by an initial sensitization effect followed by habituation?
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What is the term for the return to responding at normal levels after a rest period following habituation or sensitization?
What is the term for the return to responding at normal levels after a rest period following habituation or sensitization?
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Which type of habituation occurs if stimuli are widely spaced, for example, 24 hours or longer?
Which type of habituation occurs if stimuli are widely spaced, for example, 24 hours or longer?
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What is the defense reaction to potential or actual attack, characterized by sudden jump, tensing of muscles, and blinking?
What is the defense reaction to potential or actual attack, characterized by sudden jump, tensing of muscles, and blinking?
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What occurs from arousal and intensifies an experience, which could be pleasant or not?
What occurs from arousal and intensifies an experience, which could be pleasant or not?
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Which type of image had a decreased response due to habituation in the experiment with human infants?
Which type of image had a decreased response due to habituation in the experiment with human infants?
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What is the term for a decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
What is the term for a decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
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Which type of learning involves a decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
Which type of learning involves a decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
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What is the term for not all response decrement due to habituation, outside of the nervous system in muscles and sense organs?
What is the term for not all response decrement due to habituation, outside of the nervous system in muscles and sense organs?
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What are the alternatives to animal research mentioned in the text?
What are the alternatives to animal research mentioned in the text?
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What are examples of elicited behavior mentioned in the text?
What are examples of elicited behavior mentioned in the text?
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What are examples of nursing reflexes mentioned in the text?
What are examples of nursing reflexes mentioned in the text?
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What are Modal Action Patterns (MAPs) according to the text?
What are Modal Action Patterns (MAPs) according to the text?
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What can trigger Modal Action Patterns (MAPs) according to the text?
What can trigger Modal Action Patterns (MAPs) according to the text?
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What can traumatic events elicit in animals according to the text?
What can traumatic events elicit in animals according to the text?
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What influences social and sexual behavior in animals according to the text?
What influences social and sexual behavior in animals according to the text?
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What can enhance natural sign stimuli in animals according to the text?
What can enhance natural sign stimuli in animals according to the text?
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Is behavior solely instinctive or learned according to the text?
Is behavior solely instinctive or learned according to the text?
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How is behavior organized according to the text?
How is behavior organized according to the text?
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What can repeated stimulation lead to according to the text?
What can repeated stimulation lead to according to the text?
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What is the reflex mentioned in vertebrates involving a three-neuron system?
What is the reflex mentioned in vertebrates involving a three-neuron system?
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What is the concept that proposes an inverse relationship between task difficulty and optimal motivation levels?
What is the concept that proposes an inverse relationship between task difficulty and optimal motivation levels?
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Who proposed the role of drive as a source of energy for behavior and its association with maintaining homeostasis?
Who proposed the role of drive as a source of energy for behavior and its association with maintaining homeostasis?
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Which historical figure's work is associated with the study of reflexes, along with Charles Bell and Francois Magendie?
Which historical figure's work is associated with the study of reflexes, along with Charles Bell and Francois Magendie?
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What is the enduring change in the mechanisms of behavior resulting from prior experience known as?
What is the enduring change in the mechanisms of behavior resulting from prior experience known as?
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Which philosophical approach is associated with the belief that behavior is driven by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain?
Which philosophical approach is associated with the belief that behavior is driven by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain?
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Who proposed the idea of latent learning and the role of drive reduction in learning?
Who proposed the idea of latent learning and the role of drive reduction in learning?
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Which concept refers to the decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
Which concept refers to the decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
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What is the term for the increase in response occurring upon repeated presentation of a stimulus that reliably elicits the response?
What is the term for the increase in response occurring upon repeated presentation of a stimulus that reliably elicits the response?
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Which theory proposes that instincts are behaviors with survival value encoded in genes and are sensitive to changes in the environment?
Which theory proposes that instincts are behaviors with survival value encoded in genes and are sensitive to changes in the environment?
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What is the term for the decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
What is the term for the decrease in the strength of a response after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response?
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Which approach emphasizes that behavior is shaped by the association between stimuli and responses?
Which approach emphasizes that behavior is shaped by the association between stimuli and responses?
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What is the concept that proposes the relationship between motivation, drive, and behavior, as put forth by Clark Leonard Hull?
What is the concept that proposes the relationship between motivation, drive, and behavior, as put forth by Clark Leonard Hull?
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Study Notes
Understanding Behavior and Learning
- Different theories of instinctual behavior, including psychological and biological perspectives, and the role of environment in learned behaviors
- The concept of drive as a source of energy for behavior and its association with maintaining homeostasis
- The relationship between motivation, drive, and behavior, as proposed by Clark Leonard Hull
- The Yerkes-Dodson Law and its inverse relationship between task difficulty and optimal motivation levels
- The idea of latent learning and the role of drive reduction in learning, as proposed by Edward Tolman
- The concepts of non-associative learning, including habituation and sensitization, and their short-term and long-term effects
- Historical antecedents in the study of behavior, including the roots in the philosophy of Descartes and the development of reflexology
- The philosophical approaches of nativism, empiricism, hedonism, and association in understanding behavior
- The historical developments in the study of reflexes, including the work of Charles Bell, Francois Magendie, and Ivan Pavlov
- The dawn of the modern era in the study of behavior, including the three sources of interest in comparative cognition, functional neurology, and animal models of human behavior
- The importance of animal models in understanding human behavior, especially in the context of drug development and machine learning
- The definition of learning as an enduring change in the mechanisms of behavior resulting from prior experience, and the distinction between learning and performance
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Description
Test your knowledge of human behavior and instincts with this quiz. Explore the concepts of instinctual and learned behaviors, instinct theories by William James and ethology, and the role of drives and biological factors in shaping behavior.
