Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament?
What is the primary function of the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament?
- Limits flexion of the spine
- Runs from the sacrum to the occiput
- Limits extension of the spine (correct)
- Attaches exclusively to the intervertebral discs
Which structure acts as a shock absorber and accounts for 20-25% of the height of the spine?
Which structure acts as a shock absorber and accounts for 20-25% of the height of the spine?
- Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
- Nucleus pulposus
- Intervertebral discs (correct)
- Annulus fibrosis
What distinguishes the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament from the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament?
What distinguishes the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament from the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament?
- It has primary attachment to intervertebral discs (correct)
- It is much thicker and stronger
- It is more posteriorly located
- It limits extension of the spine
Which ligament connects from spinous process to spinous process?
Which ligament connects from spinous process to spinous process?
Where is the thickest portion of the Ligamentum flavum found?
Where is the thickest portion of the Ligamentum flavum found?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting flexion of the spine?
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting flexion of the spine?
What happens to intervertebral discs as one ages?
What happens to intervertebral discs as one ages?
What type of joint is classified as a facet joint?
What type of joint is classified as a facet joint?
What is the role of the annulus fibrosis in intervertebral discs?
What is the role of the annulus fibrosis in intervertebral discs?
Which joint allows for the widest range of rotation in the vertebral column?
Which joint allows for the widest range of rotation in the vertebral column?
Which muscle group is critical in back pain?
Which muscle group is critical in back pain?
What is the primary action of the levatores costarum muscles?
What is the primary action of the levatores costarum muscles?
Which group of muscles spans 2-4 vertebral levels?
Which group of muscles spans 2-4 vertebral levels?
What are the components of the rotatores muscles?
What are the components of the rotatores muscles?
Which layer of the thoracolumbar fascia is the most superficial?
Which layer of the thoracolumbar fascia is the most superficial?
Which nerves are responsible for the motor and sensory innervation of the intrinsic back muscles?
Which nerves are responsible for the motor and sensory innervation of the intrinsic back muscles?
What do the interspinales muscles primarily do?
What do the interspinales muscles primarily do?
What connects to the thoracolumbar fascia to aid in stabilization?
What connects to the thoracolumbar fascia to aid in stabilization?
What is the primary role of deep minor intrinsic muscles?
What is the primary role of deep minor intrinsic muscles?
What is the significance of the term 'attachment' in muscle terminology?
What is the significance of the term 'attachment' in muscle terminology?
What type of joint is formed by the first rib with the sternum?
What type of joint is formed by the first rib with the sternum?
Which movement is primarily achieved in the cervical region of the spine?
Which movement is primarily achieved in the cervical region of the spine?
Which joint type allows movement during inhalation for ribs 1-6?
Which joint type allows movement during inhalation for ribs 1-6?
What is the primary role of the intercostal muscles during forced exhalation?
What is the primary role of the intercostal muscles during forced exhalation?
What condition describes the herniation of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus of an intervertebral disc?
What condition describes the herniation of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus of an intervertebral disc?
Which of the following best describes a laminectomy?
Which of the following best describes a laminectomy?
What is the segmental artery in the context of spine neurovascular supply?
What is the segmental artery in the context of spine neurovascular supply?
Which of the following spinal movements has the greatest range of motion?
Which of the following spinal movements has the greatest range of motion?
What is the primary characteristic of the xiphisternal joint?
What is the primary characteristic of the xiphisternal joint?
Which muscle group primarily stabilizes the trunk and is innervated by the posterior primary rami?
Which muscle group primarily stabilizes the trunk and is innervated by the posterior primary rami?
Flashcards
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL)
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL)
Spinal ligament extending from the occiput to the sacrum, wider distally; limits spinal extension.
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)
Spinal ligament running from C2 to sacrum, narrower than ALL; restricts spinal flexion, prevents posterior disc herniation.
Supraspinous Ligament
Supraspinous Ligament
Connects spinous processes from C7 to sacrum; limits flexion.
Interspinous Ligament
Interspinous Ligament
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Ligamentum Nuchae
Ligamentum Nuchae
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Ligamentum Flavum
Ligamentum Flavum
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Anulus Fibrosis
Anulus Fibrosis
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Nucleus Pulposus
Nucleus Pulposus
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Intervertebral Disc Aging
Intervertebral Disc Aging
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Craniovertebral Joints
Craniovertebral Joints
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Intervertebral Joints
Intervertebral Joints
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Zygapophyseal Joints
Zygapophyseal Joints
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Extension/Flexion
Extension/Flexion
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Lateral Flexion
Lateral Flexion
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
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Laminectomy
Laminectomy
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Disc Protrusion
Disc Protrusion
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Erector Spinae
Erector Spinae
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Transversospinales
Transversospinales
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Thoracolumbar Fascia
Thoracolumbar Fascia
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Innervation of Intrinsic Back Muscles
Innervation of Intrinsic Back Muscles
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Attachments vs. Origin/Insertion
Attachments vs. Origin/Insertion
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Study Notes
Trunk Arthrology
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Spinal Ligaments: Comprise various ligaments including Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL), Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL), Supraspinous Ligament, Interspinous Ligament, Ligamentum Flavum, and Ligamentum Nuchae.
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Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL): Extends from the basilar area of the occiput to the sacrum; wider distally; limits spinal extension.
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Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL): Runs from C2 to the sacrum, narrower than ALL; restricts spinal flexion and prevents posterior disc herniation.
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Supraspinous Ligament: Connects the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum; aids in limiting flexion.
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Interspinous Ligament: Connects adjacent spinous processes; maintains space and slightly limits extension.
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Ligamentum Nuchae: An extension of the supraspinous ligament in the cervical region; supports the neck’s lordotic curve.
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Ligamentum Flavum: Contains high elastic fiber content; lines the spinal canal, aiding in controlling rapid spinal flexion.
Intervertebral Discs
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Anulus Fibrosis: Outer fibrous layer of the disc; consists of concentric layers of fibrocartilage, thicker anteriorly.
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Nucleus Pulposus: Inner gelatinous core, about 88% water; facilitates spinal mobility and shock absorption.
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Aging Effects: Discs lose water, reducing height and mobility; contributes to spinal degeneration.
Vertebral Column Joints
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Craniovertebral Joints: Atlanto-occipital (occiput-C1) and Atlantoaxial (C1-C2) joints allow for head movement.
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Intervertebral Joints: Formed between vertebral bodies from C2 to S1; key for spinal stability.
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Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joints: Provide gliding movement; orientation varies by region (lumbar allows flexion/extension, cervical allows rotation).
Movements of the Trunk
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Types of Movements: Include extension/flexion, lateral flexion, rotation of head and neck, with cervical region having the most range.
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Rib Movement: Upper ribs elevate during inhalation, while lower ribs expand laterally.
Neurovascular Supply of the Spine
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Arterial Supply: Primarily through segmental arteries branching from the aorta; important for vertebral support.
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Venous Drainage: Managed via intervertebral veins and plexus.
Clinical Considerations
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Osteoporosis: Leads to weakened bone density, primarily affecting spongy bone.
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Laminectomy: Surgical procedure aimed at alleviating nerve root pressure by removing lamina.
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Disc Protrusion: Occurs when nucleus pulposus herniates through the annulus, often posterolateral due to PLL structure.
Intrinsic Back Muscles
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Superficial Intrinsics: Include the splenius cervicis and capitis, involved in rotation and lateral flexion.
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Erector Spinae: Intermediate group with three muscles (Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis); essential for trunk extension and side bending.
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Transversospinales: Deep muscle group; muscles (Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores) involved in rotational movements and stabilization.
Thoracolumbar Fascia
- Structure: Composed of superficial and deep layers; connects to muscles, providing stability across the lumbar region.
Innervation of Back Muscles
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Intrinsic Back Muscles: Primarily innervated by posterior primary rami; unique nerve distribution for sensory and motor functions.
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Extrinsic Back Muscles: Innervated by anterior primary rami linked to upper extremity.
Terminology in Anatomy
- Attachments vs. Origin/Insertion: Attachment refers to the general area where muscles connect. In anatomical context, origin is more stable whereas insertion is the moving end during contraction.
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Description
Dive into the second week of Human Anatomy focusing on trunk arthrology. This quiz covers various back ligaments, intervertebral discs, and their functions, including the anterior longitudinal ligament and more. Test your knowledge on the structural components that support the spinal column.
