Human Anatomy: Trachea Mucus Function

<p>Simple squamous epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate breathing and coughing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are coated with tar, causing irritation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediastinum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thoracic cavity enlarges, lowering air pressure in the alveoli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The volume of air moving in and out of the lungs with each breath. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air pressure in the environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurological and chemical signals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>97% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PO2 is approximately 159 mmHg. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral and central chemoreceptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intercostal muscles relax, allowing the ribs to move downward. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trachea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closes the trachea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breakdown of glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warming and moistening incoming air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cartilage rings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of gas exchange between the blood capillaries and the tiny air sacs in the lungs. Think of it as breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide.

The exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the body cells. This is where the oxygen gets delivered to the cells and carbon dioxide is taken away.

The process in which cells break down organic molecules, primarily glucose, to release energy. This is how your body gets energy to function.

The nose is the entry point for air. The nasal cavity filters, warms, and moistens the incoming air. Hair inside the nose acts as a filter.

The pharynx is a common passageway for both air and food. It connects the nose and mouth to the larynx.

The larynx is the voice box. It helps prevent particles from entering the trachea, and its vocal cords produce sound when air passes over them.

The trachea is the windpipe. Its cartilages keep it open to allow air to flow into the lungs.

The diaphragm is a large muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen. It plays a key role in breathing by contracting and relaxing, which helps move air in and out of the lungs.

The movement of air in and out of the lungs, consisting of two phases: inspiration (breathing in) and expiration (breathing out).

The act of breathing in, where the diaphragm contracts, pushing down and expanding the chest cavity, allowing air to fill the lungs.

The act of breathing out, where the diaphragm relaxes, allowing the chest cavity to shrink, forcing air out of the lungs.

The volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each normal breath. It's only a fraction of the total lung capacity.

The pressure exerted by a single gas within a mixture of gases, which is proportional to its concentration in the mixture.

The process by which gases move across the thin membrane separating the tiny air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) and the blood capillaries.

The capacity of the lungs to transfer oxygen from the alveoli to the blood. It is influenced by several factors including membrane thickness, surface area, and the difference in oxygen pressure.

The transport of oxygen in the blood, primarily through binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells, with a small amount dissolved in the plasma.

The cartilages are C-shaped to allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing.

The inner wall of the trachea is lined with mucous membrane composed of ciliated epithelium with many goblet cells. The mucus serves to trap dust and other foreign particles.

At its lower end, the trachea splits into right and left bronchi. Each bronchus divides into smaller & smaller branches. The smallest branches are called the bronchioles.

In smokers, the air passages are covered with tar. This irritates the lungs and makes gas exchange more difficult. Smokers are more likely to suffer from bronchitis and lung cancer.

The lungs are spongy, cone-shaped organs that occupy most of the space in the thoracic cavity. They are separated medially by the mediastinum, and are enclosed by the diaphragm and thoracic cage.

The visceral pleura is attached to the surface of the lung, and the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity. Between the visceral & parietal layers is the watery pleural fluid.

The bronchi divide repeatedly to form bronchioles that lead to the alveolar ducts. The alveolar ducts open into the alveoli. The alveoli have thin walls of simple squamous epithelium and a rich supply of blood capillaries.

Oxygen passes into the blood where it combines with haemoglobin, while carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli.