60 Questions
What is the name given to the bronchi that extend into a pulmonary lobe of the lung?
Lobar bronchi
How many tertiary bronchi are found in each side of the lungs?
10
What is the diameter of bronchioles?
5mm
What is the function of the alveoli?
To oxygenate the blood
What is the term for the smaller airways that contain alveoli on their walls?
Respiratory bronchioles
How many borders does each lung have?
3
What is the name of the notch found on the anterior border of the left lung?
Cardiac notch
What is the name of the surface of the lung that is related to the heart and structures in the mediastinum?
Medial surface
What is the name of the structure through which the pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and main bronchus pass?
Hilum
What is the term for the divisions of the lung that are separated by fissures?
Lobes
What is the blood supply to the lungs?
Bronchial artery, branch of descending aorta
What is the function of the pulmonary plexus?
Innervates the bronchi and lungs
What is the characteristic shape of a bronchopulmonary segment?
Pyramidal
What surrounds each bronchopulmonary segment?
Connective tissue
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
What is unique about the left lung?
It has a cardiac notch
How many fissures does the right lung have?
2
What is the significance of bronchopulmonary segments?
All of the above
What is the number of segments in the right lung?
10
Which vessels run between bronchopulmonary segments?
Pulmonary veins
What is the length of the trachea?
10 cm
At which level does the trachea begin?
C6
What is the purpose of a tracheostomy?
To create an opening in the neck for breathing
How many cartilages make up the trachea?
16-20
What is the function of the trachea?
To transmit air from the larynx to the lungs
How many generations does the trachea divide into before becoming alveolar sacs?
23
What is the characteristic of the right bronchus?
It is shorter and wider than the left bronchus
At which level does the trachea divide into two main bronchi?
T4
What is the characteristic of the left bronchus?
It is longer and narrower than the right bronchus
How many lobar bronchi are there in the right lung?
3
What is the main blood supply to the lungs?
Bronchial artery, branch of descending aorta
What is the significance of bronchopulmonary segments?
All of the above
What is the characteristic shape of a bronchopulmonary segment?
Pyramidal
What is the name of the vessels that drain into azygous and hemiazygous vein?
Bronchial veins
What is the name of the nerve plexus that supplies the lungs?
Pulmonary plexus
What is the difference in the number of fissures between the right and left lungs?
Right lung has 2 fissures, left lung has 1 oblique fissure
What is unique about the left lung?
It has a cardiac notch
What surrounds each bronchopulmonary segment?
Connective tissue
How many segments are there in the left lung?
8
What runs between bronchopulmonary segments?
Branches of pulmonary veins
What is the location of the upper half of the trachea?
Neck
What is the purpose of the cartilages in the trachea?
To support the trachea and keep it open
What is the difference in length between the right and left bronchi?
The right bronchus is 2.5 cm shorter than the left bronchus
Why is a tracheostomy performed?
To facilitate breathing in cases of restricted airways
At which level does the trachea divide into two main bronchi?
Sternal angle (lower border of T4)
What is the characteristic of the carina?
It is the point where the trachea divides into two main bronchi
How many lobar bronchi are there in the left lung?
2
What is the direction of the right bronchus compared to the trachea?
More in line with the trachea
Why is the right lung more prone to foreign body inhalation?
Because it is more in line with the trachea
How many generations does the trachea divide into before becoming alveolar sacs?
23
What is the main difference between intrapulmonary bronchi and tertiary bronchi?
Intrapulmonary bronchi enter a lung lobe and divide to form tertiary bronchi
What is the main function of the bronchioles?
To supply air to the alveoli
What is the characteristic of the walls of the alveoli?
They are one-cell thick
What is the purpose of the fissures in the lungs?
To separate the lungs into lobes
What is the location of the apex of the lungs?
Above the root of the neck
What is the main difference between the conducting airways and the respiratory airways?
The conducting airways do not contain alveoli
What is the structure that connects the bronchioles to the alveoli?
Alveolar ducts
What is the purpose of the hilum in the lungs?
To allow the passage of the pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and main bronchus
What is the main difference between the anterior and posterior borders of the lungs?
The posterior border lies on each side of the vertebral column
What is the characteristic of the medial surface of the lungs?
It is related to the heart and structures in the mediastinum
Study Notes
Trachea
- 10 cm tube that lies in the midline, with its upper 1/2 in the neck and its lower 1/2 in the thorax
- Begins at the level of C6 (cricoid cartilage) as a continuation of the larynx
- Ends in the thorax, at the level of the sternal angle (lower border of T4), dividing into two main bronchi
- Consists of 16-20 C-shaped cartilages that transmit air from the larynx to the lungs
- The two bronchi are separated from inside by the CARINA
Tracheostomy
- A medical procedure that involves creating an opening in the neck to place a tube into the trachea
- Performed in case of restricted airways making normal breathing impossible, such as in cancer of the larynx
Bronchial Tree
- The trachea divides into 23 generations before it becomes an alveolar sac
- Main bronchi: right bronchus is shorter (2.5 cm), wider, and more in line with the trachea; left bronchus is longer (5 cm), narrower, and less in line with the trachea
- Foreign bodies usually enter the right lung
Secondary (Lobar) Bronchi
- Three in the right lung and two in the left lung
- Each extends into a pulmonary lobe of the lung and divides to form tertiary bronchi
- Also known as lobar bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi (Segmental)
- 10 in each lung
- Each supplies a bronchopulmonary segment
- Each tertiary bronchus enters a lung lobe and divides to form respiratory bronchioles
Bronchioles
- When tertiary bronchi lose their cartilage, they become microscopic bronchioles
- Diameter is 5mm
- Make up the 5th-16th generations
- Divide into respiratory bronchioles (17th-19th generations) that contain alveoli on their walls
- Each respiratory bronchiole terminates in an alveolar duct (20th-22nd generations) that opens into an alveolar sac (23rd generation) and then the alveoli
Lungs
- Two lungs, each with an apex, base, surfaces, and borders
- Apex above lies at the root of the neck
- Base below is concave and related to the diaphragm
- Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures
- 3 borders: anterior, posterior, and inferior borders
- Anterior border of the left lung has the lingula and cardiac notch
- Posterior border lies on each side of the vertebral column
- Inferior border surrounds the base
Blood Supply and Nerve Supply
- Blood supply: bronchial artery, a branch of the descending aorta
- Bronchial veins drain into the azygous and hemiazygous veins
- Nerve supply: pulmonary plexus of autonomic nerve fibers
Bronchopulmonary Segments
- Anatomic, functional, and surgical units of the lungs
- Area of lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus (segmental bronchus)
- Characteristics:
- Subdivision of a lung lobe
- Pyramidal in shape with its apex toward the lung root
- Surrounded by connective tissue
- Each segment has a segmental bronchus, segmental branch of the pulmonary artery, and branches of pulmonary veins
- Lymph vessels and autonomic nerves
Comparison between Right and Left Lungs
- Right lung: shorter, wider, heavier, with 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal), 3 lobes (upper, middle, and lower), and 10 segments
- Left lung: longer, narrower, lighter, with 1 fissure (oblique), 2 lobes (upper and lower), and 8 segments
Trachea
- 10 cm tube that lies in the midline, with its upper 1/2 in the neck and its lower 1/2 in the thorax
- Begins at the level of C6 (cricoid cartilage) as a continuation of the larynx
- Ends in the thorax, at the level of the sternal angle (lower border of T4), dividing into two main bronchi
- Consists of 16-20 C-shaped cartilages that transmit air from the larynx to the lungs
- The two bronchi are separated from inside by the CARINA
Tracheostomy
- A medical procedure that involves creating an opening in the neck to place a tube into the trachea
- Performed in case of restricted airways making normal breathing impossible, such as in cancer of the larynx
Bronchial Tree
- The trachea divides into 23 generations before it becomes an alveolar sac
- Main bronchi: right bronchus is shorter (2.5 cm), wider, and more in line with the trachea; left bronchus is longer (5 cm), narrower, and less in line with the trachea
- Foreign bodies usually enter the right lung
Secondary (Lobar) Bronchi
- Three in the right lung and two in the left lung
- Each extends into a pulmonary lobe of the lung and divides to form tertiary bronchi
- Also known as lobar bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi (Segmental)
- 10 in each lung
- Each supplies a bronchopulmonary segment
- Each tertiary bronchus enters a lung lobe and divides to form respiratory bronchioles
Bronchioles
- When tertiary bronchi lose their cartilage, they become microscopic bronchioles
- Diameter is 5mm
- Make up the 5th-16th generations
- Divide into respiratory bronchioles (17th-19th generations) that contain alveoli on their walls
- Each respiratory bronchiole terminates in an alveolar duct (20th-22nd generations) that opens into an alveolar sac (23rd generation) and then the alveoli
Lungs
- Two lungs, each with an apex, base, surfaces, and borders
- Apex above lies at the root of the neck
- Base below is concave and related to the diaphragm
- Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures
- 3 borders: anterior, posterior, and inferior borders
- Anterior border of the left lung has the lingula and cardiac notch
- Posterior border lies on each side of the vertebral column
- Inferior border surrounds the base
Blood Supply and Nerve Supply
- Blood supply: bronchial artery, a branch of the descending aorta
- Bronchial veins drain into the azygous and hemiazygous veins
- Nerve supply: pulmonary plexus of autonomic nerve fibers
Bronchopulmonary Segments
- Anatomic, functional, and surgical units of the lungs
- Area of lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus (segmental bronchus)
- Characteristics:
- Subdivision of a lung lobe
- Pyramidal in shape with its apex toward the lung root
- Surrounded by connective tissue
- Each segment has a segmental bronchus, segmental branch of the pulmonary artery, and branches of pulmonary veins
- Lymph vessels and autonomic nerves
Comparison between Right and Left Lungs
- Right lung: shorter, wider, heavier, with 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal), 3 lobes (upper, middle, and lower), and 10 segments
- Left lung: longer, narrower, lighter, with 1 fissure (oblique), 2 lobes (upper and lower), and 8 segments
Quiz about the anatomy and structure of the trachea and bronchial tree, including its location, function, and characteristics. Learn about the respiratory system and its components.
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