Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the name given to the bronchi that extend into a pulmonary lobe of the lung?
What is the name given to the bronchi that extend into a pulmonary lobe of the lung?
- Intrapulmonary bronchi
- Lobar bronchi (correct)
- Segmental bronchi
- Tertiary bronchi
How many tertiary bronchi are found in each side of the lungs?
How many tertiary bronchi are found in each side of the lungs?
- 5
- 15
- 10 (correct)
- 20
What is the diameter of bronchioles?
What is the diameter of bronchioles?
- 15mm
- 1mm
- 10mm
- 5mm (correct)
What is the function of the alveoli?
What is the function of the alveoli?
What is the term for the smaller airways that contain alveoli on their walls?
What is the term for the smaller airways that contain alveoli on their walls?
How many borders does each lung have?
How many borders does each lung have?
What is the name of the notch found on the anterior border of the left lung?
What is the name of the notch found on the anterior border of the left lung?
What is the name of the surface of the lung that is related to the heart and structures in the mediastinum?
What is the name of the surface of the lung that is related to the heart and structures in the mediastinum?
What is the name of the structure through which the pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and main bronchus pass?
What is the name of the structure through which the pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and main bronchus pass?
What is the term for the divisions of the lung that are separated by fissures?
What is the term for the divisions of the lung that are separated by fissures?
What is the blood supply to the lungs?
What is the blood supply to the lungs?
What is the function of the pulmonary plexus?
What is the function of the pulmonary plexus?
What is the characteristic shape of a bronchopulmonary segment?
What is the characteristic shape of a bronchopulmonary segment?
What surrounds each bronchopulmonary segment?
What surrounds each bronchopulmonary segment?
How many lobes does the right lung have?
How many lobes does the right lung have?
What is unique about the left lung?
What is unique about the left lung?
How many fissures does the right lung have?
How many fissures does the right lung have?
What is the significance of bronchopulmonary segments?
What is the significance of bronchopulmonary segments?
What is the number of segments in the right lung?
What is the number of segments in the right lung?
Which vessels run between bronchopulmonary segments?
Which vessels run between bronchopulmonary segments?
What is the length of the trachea?
What is the length of the trachea?
At which level does the trachea begin?
At which level does the trachea begin?
What is the purpose of a tracheostomy?
What is the purpose of a tracheostomy?
How many cartilages make up the trachea?
How many cartilages make up the trachea?
What is the function of the trachea?
What is the function of the trachea?
How many generations does the trachea divide into before becoming alveolar sacs?
How many generations does the trachea divide into before becoming alveolar sacs?
What is the characteristic of the right bronchus?
What is the characteristic of the right bronchus?
At which level does the trachea divide into two main bronchi?
At which level does the trachea divide into two main bronchi?
What is the characteristic of the left bronchus?
What is the characteristic of the left bronchus?
How many lobar bronchi are there in the right lung?
How many lobar bronchi are there in the right lung?
What is the main blood supply to the lungs?
What is the main blood supply to the lungs?
What is the significance of bronchopulmonary segments?
What is the significance of bronchopulmonary segments?
What is the characteristic shape of a bronchopulmonary segment?
What is the characteristic shape of a bronchopulmonary segment?
What is the name of the vessels that drain into azygous and hemiazygous vein?
What is the name of the vessels that drain into azygous and hemiazygous vein?
What is the name of the nerve plexus that supplies the lungs?
What is the name of the nerve plexus that supplies the lungs?
What is the difference in the number of fissures between the right and left lungs?
What is the difference in the number of fissures between the right and left lungs?
What is unique about the left lung?
What is unique about the left lung?
What surrounds each bronchopulmonary segment?
What surrounds each bronchopulmonary segment?
How many segments are there in the left lung?
How many segments are there in the left lung?
What runs between bronchopulmonary segments?
What runs between bronchopulmonary segments?
What is the location of the upper half of the trachea?
What is the location of the upper half of the trachea?
What is the purpose of the cartilages in the trachea?
What is the purpose of the cartilages in the trachea?
What is the difference in length between the right and left bronchi?
What is the difference in length between the right and left bronchi?
Why is a tracheostomy performed?
Why is a tracheostomy performed?
At which level does the trachea divide into two main bronchi?
At which level does the trachea divide into two main bronchi?
What is the characteristic of the carina?
What is the characteristic of the carina?
How many lobar bronchi are there in the left lung?
How many lobar bronchi are there in the left lung?
What is the direction of the right bronchus compared to the trachea?
What is the direction of the right bronchus compared to the trachea?
Why is the right lung more prone to foreign body inhalation?
Why is the right lung more prone to foreign body inhalation?
How many generations does the trachea divide into before becoming alveolar sacs?
How many generations does the trachea divide into before becoming alveolar sacs?
What is the main difference between intrapulmonary bronchi and tertiary bronchi?
What is the main difference between intrapulmonary bronchi and tertiary bronchi?
What is the main function of the bronchioles?
What is the main function of the bronchioles?
What is the characteristic of the walls of the alveoli?
What is the characteristic of the walls of the alveoli?
What is the purpose of the fissures in the lungs?
What is the purpose of the fissures in the lungs?
What is the location of the apex of the lungs?
What is the location of the apex of the lungs?
What is the main difference between the conducting airways and the respiratory airways?
What is the main difference between the conducting airways and the respiratory airways?
What is the structure that connects the bronchioles to the alveoli?
What is the structure that connects the bronchioles to the alveoli?
What is the purpose of the hilum in the lungs?
What is the purpose of the hilum in the lungs?
What is the main difference between the anterior and posterior borders of the lungs?
What is the main difference between the anterior and posterior borders of the lungs?
What is the characteristic of the medial surface of the lungs?
What is the characteristic of the medial surface of the lungs?
Flashcards
Trachea
Trachea
A 10 cm tube from the larynx to the main bronchi.
Carina
Carina
Ridge at the bifurcation of trachea into main bronchi.
Tracheostomy
Tracheostomy
Surgical opening into the trachea for tube placement.
Bronchial Tree
Bronchial Tree
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Right Main Bronchus
Right Main Bronchus
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Left Main Bronchus
Left Main Bronchus
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Lobar Bronchi
Lobar Bronchi
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Tertiary Bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi
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Bronchioles
Bronchioles
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Respiratory Bronchioles
Respiratory Bronchioles
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Alveolar Duct
Alveolar Duct
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Lungs
Lungs
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Lung Apex
Lung Apex
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Lung Base
Lung Base
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Anterior border of the left lung
Anterior border of the left lung
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Bronchial Artery
Bronchial Artery
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Bronchial Veins
Bronchial Veins
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Bronchopulmonary Segment
Bronchopulmonary Segment
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Right Lung
Right Lung
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Left Lung
Left Lung
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Study Notes
Trachea
- 10 cm tube that lies in the midline, with its upper 1/2 in the neck and its lower 1/2 in the thorax
- Begins at the level of C6 (cricoid cartilage) as a continuation of the larynx
- Ends in the thorax, at the level of the sternal angle (lower border of T4), dividing into two main bronchi
- Consists of 16-20 C-shaped cartilages that transmit air from the larynx to the lungs
- The two bronchi are separated from inside by the CARINA
Tracheostomy
- A medical procedure that involves creating an opening in the neck to place a tube into the trachea
- Performed in case of restricted airways making normal breathing impossible, such as in cancer of the larynx
Bronchial Tree
- The trachea divides into 23 generations before it becomes an alveolar sac
- Main bronchi: right bronchus is shorter (2.5 cm), wider, and more in line with the trachea; left bronchus is longer (5 cm), narrower, and less in line with the trachea
- Foreign bodies usually enter the right lung
Secondary (Lobar) Bronchi
- Three in the right lung and two in the left lung
- Each extends into a pulmonary lobe of the lung and divides to form tertiary bronchi
- Also known as lobar bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi (Segmental)
- 10 in each lung
- Each supplies a bronchopulmonary segment
- Each tertiary bronchus enters a lung lobe and divides to form respiratory bronchioles
Bronchioles
- When tertiary bronchi lose their cartilage, they become microscopic bronchioles
- Diameter is 5mm
- Make up the 5th-16th generations
- Divide into respiratory bronchioles (17th-19th generations) that contain alveoli on their walls
- Each respiratory bronchiole terminates in an alveolar duct (20th-22nd generations) that opens into an alveolar sac (23rd generation) and then the alveoli
Lungs
- Two lungs, each with an apex, base, surfaces, and borders
- Apex above lies at the root of the neck
- Base below is concave and related to the diaphragm
- Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures
- 3 borders: anterior, posterior, and inferior borders
- Anterior border of the left lung has the lingula and cardiac notch
- Posterior border lies on each side of the vertebral column
- Inferior border surrounds the base
Blood Supply and Nerve Supply
- Blood supply: bronchial artery, a branch of the descending aorta
- Bronchial veins drain into the azygous and hemiazygous veins
- Nerve supply: pulmonary plexus of autonomic nerve fibers
Bronchopulmonary Segments
- Anatomic, functional, and surgical units of the lungs
- Area of lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus (segmental bronchus)
- Characteristics:
- Subdivision of a lung lobe
- Pyramidal in shape with its apex toward the lung root
- Surrounded by connective tissue
- Each segment has a segmental bronchus, segmental branch of the pulmonary artery, and branches of pulmonary veins
- Lymph vessels and autonomic nerves
Comparison between Right and Left Lungs
- Right lung: shorter, wider, heavier, with 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal), 3 lobes (upper, middle, and lower), and 10 segments
- Left lung: longer, narrower, lighter, with 1 fissure (oblique), 2 lobes (upper and lower), and 8 segments
Trachea
- 10 cm tube that lies in the midline, with its upper 1/2 in the neck and its lower 1/2 in the thorax
- Begins at the level of C6 (cricoid cartilage) as a continuation of the larynx
- Ends in the thorax, at the level of the sternal angle (lower border of T4), dividing into two main bronchi
- Consists of 16-20 C-shaped cartilages that transmit air from the larynx to the lungs
- The two bronchi are separated from inside by the CARINA
Tracheostomy
- A medical procedure that involves creating an opening in the neck to place a tube into the trachea
- Performed in case of restricted airways making normal breathing impossible, such as in cancer of the larynx
Bronchial Tree
- The trachea divides into 23 generations before it becomes an alveolar sac
- Main bronchi: right bronchus is shorter (2.5 cm), wider, and more in line with the trachea; left bronchus is longer (5 cm), narrower, and less in line with the trachea
- Foreign bodies usually enter the right lung
Secondary (Lobar) Bronchi
- Three in the right lung and two in the left lung
- Each extends into a pulmonary lobe of the lung and divides to form tertiary bronchi
- Also known as lobar bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi (Segmental)
- 10 in each lung
- Each supplies a bronchopulmonary segment
- Each tertiary bronchus enters a lung lobe and divides to form respiratory bronchioles
Bronchioles
- When tertiary bronchi lose their cartilage, they become microscopic bronchioles
- Diameter is 5mm
- Make up the 5th-16th generations
- Divide into respiratory bronchioles (17th-19th generations) that contain alveoli on their walls
- Each respiratory bronchiole terminates in an alveolar duct (20th-22nd generations) that opens into an alveolar sac (23rd generation) and then the alveoli
Lungs
- Two lungs, each with an apex, base, surfaces, and borders
- Apex above lies at the root of the neck
- Base below is concave and related to the diaphragm
- Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures
- 3 borders: anterior, posterior, and inferior borders
- Anterior border of the left lung has the lingula and cardiac notch
- Posterior border lies on each side of the vertebral column
- Inferior border surrounds the base
Blood Supply and Nerve Supply
- Blood supply: bronchial artery, a branch of the descending aorta
- Bronchial veins drain into the azygous and hemiazygous veins
- Nerve supply: pulmonary plexus of autonomic nerve fibers
Bronchopulmonary Segments
- Anatomic, functional, and surgical units of the lungs
- Area of lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus (segmental bronchus)
- Characteristics:
- Subdivision of a lung lobe
- Pyramidal in shape with its apex toward the lung root
- Surrounded by connective tissue
- Each segment has a segmental bronchus, segmental branch of the pulmonary artery, and branches of pulmonary veins
- Lymph vessels and autonomic nerves
Comparison between Right and Left Lungs
- Right lung: shorter, wider, heavier, with 2 fissures (oblique and horizontal), 3 lobes (upper, middle, and lower), and 10 segments
- Left lung: longer, narrower, lighter, with 1 fissure (oblique), 2 lobes (upper and lower), and 8 segments
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