Structure and Function of the Trachea Quiz
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Structure and Function of the Trachea Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the tracheal cartilage?

  • Assist in coughing
  • Traps foreign matter
  • Prevents collapse (correct)
  • Helps in removing debris

    • Which structure in the trachea is responsible for narrowing the airway?

  • Cilia
  • Goblet cells
  • Smooth muscle (trachealis) (correct)
  • C-shaped cartilage (tracheal rings)

    • What is the role of goblet cells in the trachea?

  • Prevent airway collapse
  • Assist in coughing
  • Help in removing debris with cilia
  • Trap foreign matter with mucus (correct)

    • Which component of the trachea assists in the removal of debris?

    <p>Mucous membrane with cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the muscle within the trachea?

    <p>Assist in coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the two lungs in the thoracic cavity?

    <p>Mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure lines the pleural cavities?

    <p>Parietal pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes does the left lung consist of?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung structure is separated into bronchopulmonary segments?

    <p>Right lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the visceral pleura?

    <p>Cover the outer surface of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between bronchioles and terminal bronchioles?

    <p>Greater amount of smooth muscle in terminal bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the amount of cartilage present in primary bronchi compare to that in segmental bronchi?

    <p>Primary bronchi have more cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of smooth muscle in the tracheobronchial tree?

    <p>Providing structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many generations of branching are capable of changing diameter in the tracheobronchial tree?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes primary bronchi from terminal bronchioles in terms of structure?

    <p>The presence of ciliated epithelium in primary bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average diameter of alveoli?

    <p>250µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the tracheobronchial tree has the highest number of alveoli?

    <p>Alveolar sacs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinguishing feature between respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts?

    <p>Presence of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the tracheobronchial tree is responsible for removing debris?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many generations of branching occur from terminal bronchioles to alveolar sacs?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory membrane in the lung?

    <p>To facilitate gas diffusion during respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the respiratory membrane contributes the most to the barrier for gas diffusion?

    <p>Alveolar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the interstitial space play in the respiratory membrane?

    <p>To provide a pathway for gas diffusion between alveoli and capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the respiratory membrane is directly involved in nutrient exchange within the lung?

    <p>Capillary endothelium basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the thinness of the respiratory membrane benefit gas exchange in the lung?

    <p>It allows for a faster rate of gas diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le effecto del contraction del diafragma durante le ventilation?

    <p>Descende le diafragma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le effecto del contraction del musculos intercostal extern in le ventilation?

    <p>Eleva le sternon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le function de tote musculos mentionate in le text in relation al ventilation?

    <p>Promover le influxo de aere al pulmones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid succede al musculos abdominal durante le inspiration?

    <p>Relaxa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quid resulta del expansion del cavitate thoracic durant le inspiration?

    <p>Influxo de aere al pulmones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the abdominal muscles during expiration?

    <p>They contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In forced expiration, which muscles are primarily involved?

    <p>Internal intercostals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of external intercostals during quiet breathing?

    <p>Relax to facilitate expiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle relaxes during quiet breathing?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does contraction of thoracic cavity contribute to the breathing process?

    <p>Expels air from the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total lung capacity, including all volumes and capacities mentioned in the text?

    <p>5800mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung volume represents the air in the respiratory system that cannot be exhaled forcibly?

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sum of inspiratory reserve volume and tidal volume?

    <p>Inspiratory capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung capacity represents the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation?

    <p>Vital capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lung volume represents the air that can be maximally inhaled after a normal inhalation?

    <p>Inspiratory reserve volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of Inspiratory reserve volume and Tidal volume?

    <p>3500mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung capacity represents the total amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation?

    <p>Vital capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Functional reserve capacity and Vital capacity?

    <p>Functional reserve capacity includes Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung volume represents the air that remains in the respiratory system even after the most forceful exhalation?

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of vagal innervation on bronchi/bronchioles?

    <p>Promotes bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exercise, what stimulates bronchodilation in the bronchi/bronchioles?

    <p>Circulating Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of catecholamines released during exercise on the bronchi/bronchioles?

    <p>Stimulating bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does vagal innervation affect bronchi/bronchioles when foreign matter is inhaled?

    <p>Promotes bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of circulating Epinephrine on smooth muscle in the bronchi/bronchioles?

    <p>Promoting relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Pontine Respiratory Group?

    <p>Fine tunes breathing pattern and communicates with the Medullary Respiratory Center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Medullary Respiratory Center?

    <p>Controls the frequency and depth of ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Rhythmic Ventilation respond to external factors?

    <p>Responds to blood gas, pH, and muscular movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the Ventral Respiratory Group receives input from other brain centers?

    <p>Fine tunes breathing pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Dorsal Respiratory Group within the Medullary Respiratory Center?

    <p>Controls the frequency and depth of ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chemosensitive area in the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Detecting hyper/hypo-capnia via changes in CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are activated when there is a decrease in pH, an increase in CO2, and a decrease in O2?

    <p>Carotid and Aortic Chemoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can change PCO2 resulting in altered ventilation rate?

    <p>Cerebral input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area responds more quickly to changes in pH?

    <p>Carotid and Aortic Chemoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hypercapnia defined?

    <p>Increased CO2 in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

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