Human Anatomy: Skeletal System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which bone landmarks are associated with the femur?

Lateral condyles

Tibial tuberosity

Greater and lesser trochanters (correct)

Medial malleolus

Which of the following is a bone of the lower limb?

Fibula (correct)

Sternum

Humerus

Scapula

What is the primary focus of Week 3 in the anatomy course?

Mid-term Exam Review

Terminology and Topographic Anatomy

Introduction to Respiratory System

Osteology of the Locomotory System (correct)

What is indicated by the term 'locomotory system' in the course contents?

Exploration of bone structures Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about the course is true?

Assignments must be submitted on time. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does the course assess?

Multiple assessment activities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is not part of the lower limb?

Scapula Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the tibia in the lower limb?

Support body weight and provide stability Signup and view all the answers

Which joint type allows for multiaxial movement including flexion, extension, abduction, and circumduction?

Ball and socket type Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary socket for the ball and socket joint of the shoulder?

Glenoid cavity of the scapula Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is characterized by movements around a vertical axis, such as medial and lateral rotation?

Pivot type Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ligaments associated with the hinge type joint?

Provide support and stability during flexion and extension Signup and view all the answers

In which joint type can you find the interosseous ligaments?

Plane or gliding type Signup and view all the answers

The 1st carpometacarpal joint is classified as which type of joint?

Saddle type Signup and view all the answers

What describes the movement allowed by an ellipsoidal type joint?

Flex, extend, adduct, and abduct Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bones in the human skeletal system?

Provide structural support and protect organs Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is NOT part of the elbow joint?

Scapula Signup and view all the answers

Which bone structure is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Clavicle Signup and view all the answers

How many bones comprise the human skeleton?

206 Signup and view all the answers

What composes the pelvic girdle?

Ilium, ischium, and pubis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions is NOT performed by the skeletal system?

Enabling hormonal regulation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components that make up the hip bone?

Ilium, ischium, and pubis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cartilage in the skeletal system?

Cover joint surfaces and reduce friction Signup and view all the answers

What is the iliac crest?

The superior, curved border of the ilium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intercondylar fossa in the knee joint?

To provide attachment for ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical angle of inclination of the femur in adults?

125° Signup and view all the answers

Which type of femur fracture is most commonly associated with older adults due to falls?

Neck of femur fractures Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of the proximal end of the tibia articulates with the femoral condyles?

Medial and lateral condyles Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant feature of the tibia that distinguishes it from the fibula?

It is primarily a weight-bearing bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with a neck of femur fracture?

Nonunion and avascular necrosis due to poor blood supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tibial plateau?

To articulate with the femur Signup and view all the answers

In terms of rehabilitation, which method is most commonly utilized for intertrochanteric fractures?

Dynamic hip screws or other fixation methods Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tibia?

Weight-bearing and forming joints Signup and view all the answers

Where does the patellar ligament insert on the tibia?

At the tibial tuberosity Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the tibia articulates with the talus bone in the ankle joint?

Inferior articular surface Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the fibula?

It serves as a long pin-like lateral bone. Signup and view all the answers

In the event of a proximal tibial fracture, what is a common treatment method?

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) Signup and view all the answers

What is the soleal line on the tibia associated with?

Attachment of the soleus muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the tibia helps form the ankle joint by interacting with the talus?

Medial malleolus Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the fibula is true?

It does not play a significant role in weight transmission. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy

Defined as dissecting the body to study its parts and their relationships.

Human Skeletal System

Bones, joints, and cartilage make up the system.
Provides structural support, protects organs, enables movement, and stores minerals.
Composed of 206 bones.

Axial Skeleton

80 bones comprising the central axis of the body.
Includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
Skull: Cranium and facial bones.
Vertebral Column: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx.
Thoracic Cage: 12 pairs of ribs and sternum.

Appendicular Skeleton

126 bones involved in movement and limb support.
Pectoral Girdle: Consists of clavicles and scapulae (shoulder blades).
Upper Limbs: Humerus (upper arm), radius and ulna (forearm), carpals (wrist bones), metacarpals (hand bones), and phalanges (finger bones).
Pelvic Girdle: Forged by hip bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis)
Lower Limbs: Femur (thigh bone), tibia and fibula (leg bones), tarsals (ankle bones), metatarsals (foot bones), and phalanges (toe bones).

Hip Bone

Also known as the coxal bone or pelvic bone.
Large, irregular bone made of three fused components: ilium, ischium, and pubis.
These components fuse during adolescence to form a single structure by adulthood.

Femur

The longest and strongest bone in the human body.
Located in the thigh.
Serves as a weight-bearing bone, connecting the hip and knee.

Femur Key Landmarks

Head: Rounded proximal end that articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone.
Neck: Connects the head to the shaft.
Greater Trochanter: Prominent bony projection on the lateral aspect of the proximal femur.
Lesser Trochanter: Smaller bony projection on the medial side of the proximal femur.
Linea Aspera: A rough, longitudinal ridge on the posterior surface of the femur, serving as an attachment for muscles.
Condyles: Medial and lateral, situated at the distal end of the femur.
Intercondylar Fossa (Notch): A deep groove located between the medial and lateral condyles on the posterior side.
Patellar Surface (Trochlear Groove): A smooth, anterior surface located between the condyles which the patella (kneecap) glides on during knee movement.

Femur Angles and Curvatures

Angle of Inclination: The angle formed between the neck and the shaft of the femur, which is typically around 125 degrees in adults.
Angle of Torsion: The angle between the axis of the femoral head/neck and the axis of the femoral condyles.

Femur Fractures

Neck of Femur Fracture: Frequent in older adults, caused by falls and osteoporosis. Poor blood supply makes nonunion and avascular necrosis risks, often requiring surgical fixation or hip replacement.
Shaft Fractures: Usually caused by high-energy trauma, requiring intramedullary nailing or plate fixation.
Intertrochanteric Fractures: Occur between the greater and lesser trochanters. May require surgical treatment.

Tibia

The second largest bone in the body.
Known as the shinbone.
Located between the femur and the ankle.
It is a weight-bearing structure, forming the lower part of the knee joint and the medial part of the ankle joint.

Tibia Key Landmarks

Medial and Lateral Condyles: Located at the upper end of the tibia, articulating with the femoral condyles to form part of the knee joint.
Intercondylar Eminence: A ridge between the medial and lateral condyles that serves as an attachment point for ligaments and menisci of the knee.
Tibial Plateau: The flat surface on top of the tibia that articulates with the femur.
Tibial Tuberosity: A bony prominence on the anterior side of the proximal tibia where the patellar ligament inserts.

Tibia Shaft

Anterior Border: Sharp edge running down the front of the tibia, palpable under the skin.
Medial Surface: Smooth and subcutaneous, easily palpable on the inner side of the leg.
Lateral (Interosseous) Border: The border that faces the fibula, where the interosseous membrane connects the tibia to the fibula.
Soleal Line: Ridge on the posterior surface of the tibia, which is the attachment point for the soleus muscle.

Tibia Distal End

Medial Malleolus: Prominent projection on the medial side of the distal tibia, forming part of the ankle joint.
Fibular Notch: A notch on the lateral side of the distal tibia, where the distal end of the fibula articulates.
Inferior Articular Surface: Smooth, flat surface on the distal end of the tibia, which articulates with the talus bone in the ankle joint.

Tibia Functions

Essential for weight-bearing, forming part of the knee and ankle joints.
Provides attachment points for muscles and ligaments crucial for movement and stability.

Tibia Fractures

Proximal Tibial Fractures: Usually caused by high-energy trauma or low-energy injuries in patients with osteoporosis, often affecting knee alignment. Treatment often involves open reduction and internal fixation.
Tibial Shaft Fractures: Caused by direct trauma or falls. Treatment typically involves intramedullary nailing.
Distal Tibial (Pilon) Fractures: Occur near the ankle, potentially affecting the articular surface, possibly leading to developing arthritis. Treatment usually involves ORIF.

Fibula

The lateral bone of the leg, homologous to the ulna of the forearm.
Known as a "pin" type of bone.
Does not participate in weight transmission.

Fibula Key Landmarks

Head of Fibula: The upper end is rounded, articulating with the lateral aspect of the tibia at the fibular notch.

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Description

Explore the intricate details of the human skeletal system, including the axial and appendicular skeleton. This quiz covers the composition, functions, and key components of the bones and joints in the human body, providing a comprehensive understanding of skeletal anatomy.