Anatomy of Human Skeletal System

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following structures is NOT a component of a typical vertebra?

  • Caput (correct)
  • Processus
  • Corpus
  • Arcus

What is a distinctive feature of cervical vertebrae that differentiates them from other types of vertebrae?

  • Presence of foveae costales
  • Presence of processus accessorius
  • Presence of tuberculum costae
  • Presence of foramina processus transversalia (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic that is specific to thoracic vertebrae?

  • Foramina processus transversalia
  • Foveae costales (correct)
  • Processus accessorius
  • Tuberculum anterior et posterior

Which structure is NOT found on the first cervical vertebra (atlas)?

<p>Fovea costalis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT present in the sternum?

<p>Incisurae articulares (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the upper wall of the inguinal canal?

<p>Musculus obliquus internus abdominis and musculus transversus abdominis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most distal foramen of the Canalis adductorius?

<p>Hiatus tendineus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary attachment point for the musculus quadriceps femoris?

<p>Tuberositas tibiae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the musculus longissimus cervicis begin?

<p>Processus transverses of Th1-Th5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To which structure is the musculus subclavius directly fixed?

<p>Costae primae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a part of the hyoid bone?

<p>Cornua majora (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sutures is part of the skull cap?

<p>Sutura lambdoidea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a wall of the orbit?

<p>Paries medialis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a nasal meatus?

<p>Meatus nasimedia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a wing of the sphenoid bone?

<p>Ala major (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The squamosus part of the frontal bone includes which of the following?

<p>Tuberfrontale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the maxilla?

<p>Processus frontalis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are openings found within the greater wings of the sphenoid bone?

<p>Foramen spinosum and foramen rotundum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical formations are located within the body of the sphenoid bone?

<p>Sella turcica and fossa hypophysialis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laminae are part of the pterygoid process?

<p>Lamina medialis and lamina lateralis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are components of the temporal bone?

<p>Pars squomosa and pars petrosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical formations are associated with the squamosal part of the temporal bone?

<p>Sulcus arteriae temporalis mediae and processus zygomaticus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surfaces are present on the pyramid of the temporal bone?

<p>Facies anterior partes petrosae and facies posterior partes petrosae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formations are characteristic of the mastoid process?

<p>Antrum mastoideum and cellulae mastoideae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are canals located within the temporal bone?

<p>Canalis caroticus and canalis musculotubarius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is absent in the first cervical vertebra (atlas)?

The first cervical vertebra, also known as the atlas, lacks a spinous process and has an anterior arch instead.

What distinguishes thoracic vertebrae from other vertebrae?

Thoracic vertebrae are characterized by the presence of costal facets, which serve as articulation points for the ribs.

What feature is absent in the sternum?

The sternum, a flat bone in the chest, lacks articular notches, which are found on other bones like ribs and clavicle.

What feature is absent in the clavicle?

The clavicle (collarbone) lacks a coracoid process, which is a projection on the scapula (shoulder blade).

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Where on the scapula is the cavitas glenoidalis located?

The cavitas glenoidalis (glenoid fossa) is located on the lateral angle of the scapula, providing the socket for the humerus (arm bone) in the shoulder joint.

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Hiatus Tendineus

A fibrous opening within the deep fascia of the thigh, located superior to the medial epicondyle of the femur. It allows for the passage of the femoral artery and vein from the femoral canal to the adductor canal.

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Upper Wall of Inguinal Canal

The upper wall of the inguinal canal includes the inguinal ligament, the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, and the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles, along with transversalis fascia.

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Lower Wall of Inguinal Canal

The lower wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the inguinal ligament, internal and transversus abdominis muscles, the aponeurosis of the external oblique, and transversalis fascia.

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Anterior Wall of Femoral Canal

The anterior wall of the Femoral canal is comprised of the saphenous opening, inguinal ligament along with the margin of fascia lata, annulus femoralis, femoral vein, and the deep fascia of the thigh.

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Contents of the Adductor Canal

The contents of the Adductor canal consist of the hiatus tendineus, lamina vastoadductoria, vastus medialis, adductor magnus, and the femoral artery and vein.

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Openings in the greater wings of the sphenoid bone

The openings in the greater wings of the sphenoid bone: foramen spinosum, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale

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Formations in the body of sphenoid bone

Formations in the body of sphenoid bone: sella turcica, fossa hypophysialis, processus clinoideus anterior

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Laminae of the pterygoid process

Laminae of the pterygoid process: lamina medialis, lamina lateralis

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Parts of the temporal bone

Parts of the temporal bone: pars squamosa, pars petrosa

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Formations of the squamosus part of the temporal bone

Anatomical formations of the squamosus part of the temporal bone: sulcus arteriae temporalis mediae, processus zygomaticus

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Surfaces of the pyramid of the temporal bone

Surfaces of the pyramid of the temporal bone: facies anterior partes petrosae, facies posterior partes petrosae

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Formations of the mastoid process

Formations of the mastoid process: antrum mastoideum, cellulae mastoideae

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Canals of the temporal bone

Canals of the temporal bone: canalis caroticus, canalis musculotubarius

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What is tuberositas masseterica?

Tuberositas masseterica is a roughened elevation on the lateral surface of the mandible where the masseter muscle attaches.

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Describe the hyoid bone.

The hyoid bone is located in the neck and is not directly attached to any other bone. It has a body, which is the central part, and two larger horns called cornua majora.

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Where is the suture lambdoidea located?

The suture lambdoidea is the joint between the parietal bones and the occipital bone of the skull.

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What bones make up the medial wall of the orbit?

The medial wall of the orbit, which is the bony cavity that houses the eyeball, is formed by the ethmoid and sphenoid bones.

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What are the wings of the sphenoid bone?

The wings of the sphenoid bone, called the ala minor and ala major, extend laterally from the body of the sphenoid like two pairs of wings.

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What is the tuber frontale?

The tuberfrontale is a bony prominence above the root of the nose, on the frontal bone, which is the bone forming the forehead.

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What bone has alveoli and a frontal process?

The maxilla is a bone that forms part of the face, upper jaw, and hard palate. It contains alveoli, sockets for teeth, and a frontal process.

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Study Notes

Question 1 - Vertebrae

  • Structures lacking vertebrae: incisurae
  • Cervical vertebrae differences: foramina processus transversalia
  • Thoracic vertebrae differences: foveae costales
  • Lumbar vertebrae differences: processus accessorius, processus mamillaris
  • First cervical vertebra parts: arcus anterior
  • Thoracic vertebra parts: foveae costales
  • Sternum absence: incisurae articulares

Question 2 - Rib

  • Rib absence: processus
  • Clavicle absence: processus coracoideus

Question 3 - Scapula

  • Scapula cavitas glenoidalis location: angulus lateralis

Question 4 - Humerus

  • Proximal humerus structures: fossa olecrani, collum anatomicum
  • Distal humerus structures: fossa coronoidea, trochlea

Question 5 - Skull

  • Skull viscerale formation participation: maxilla, os lacrimale
  • Maxilla features: corpus maxillae
  • Os palatinum features: lamina horizontalis
  • Zygomaticum features: processus frontalis

Question 6 - Ribs

  • Rib structure absence: processus
  • Rib structure absence: foramen

Question 7 - Vertebral Processes

  • Lumbar vertebrae lacking processes: processus articulares posteriores
  • Thoracic complete costal vertebrae: I, XI
  • Clavicle lacking structures: processus coracoideus, acromion

Question 8 - Humerus Proximal Epiphysis

  • Humerus proximal epiphysis absence: fossa olecrani, capitulum humeri

Question 9 - Humerus Distal Epiphysis

  • Humerus distal epiphysis absence: capitulum humeri, sulcus intertubercularis

Question 10 - Radius

  • Radius absence: incisura trochlearis

Question 11 - Carpal Bones

  • Proximal carpal row bones: os scaphoideum, os lunatum
  • Distal carpal row bones: os trapezium, os hamatum

Question 12 - Os Ilium

  • Os ilium features: incisura ilaca anterior

Question 13 - Femur

  • Proximal femur structures: caput femoris
  • Femur features: crista intertrochanterica

Question 14 - Tibia

  • Distal tibia structures: malleolus medialis

Question 15 - Tarsal Bones

  • Tarsal bone inclusions: os talus, os calcaneus

Question 16 - Talus

  • Talus features: trochlea tali

Question 17 - Fibula

  • Fibula structures: malleolus lateralis

Question 18 - Vertebral Column

  • Cervical vertebrae differences: foramina processus transversalia
  • Thoracic vertebrae differences: foveae costales
  • Lumbar vertebrae differences: processus accessorius, processus mamillaris

Question 19 - Cervical Vertebrae

  • Cervical vertebrae differences: foramina processus transversalia

Question 20 - Thoracic Vertebrae

  • Thoracic vertebrae differences: foveae costales

Question 21 - Lumbar Vertebrae

  • Lumbar vertebrae differences: processus accessorius, processus mamillaris

Question 22 - First Cervical Vertebra

  • First cervical vertebra features: arcus anterior

Question 23 - Thoracic Vertebrae

  • Thoracic vertebrae features: foveae costales

Question 24 - Sternum

  • Sternum absence: incisurae articulares

Question 25 - Clavicle

  • Clavicle absence: processus coracoideus

Question 26 - Humerus Proximal Epiphysis

  • Humerus proximal epiphysis absence: fossa olecrani, capitulum humeri

Question 27 - Humerus Distal Epiphysis

  • Humerus distal epiphysis absence: capitulum humeri

Question 28 - Radius

  • Radius absence: incisura trochlearis

Question 29 - Radius

  • Radius absence: incisura trochlearis

Question 30 - First Cervical Vertebra

  • First cervical vertebra feature: arcus anterior

Question 31 - Thoracic Vertebrae

  • Thoracic vertebrae feature: foveae costales

Question 32 - Sternum

  • Sternum absence: incisurae articulares

Question 33 - Clavicle

  • Clavicle feature absence: processus coracoideus

Question 34 - Humerus Proximal Epiphysis

  • Humerus proximal epiphysis absence: fossa olecrani, capitulum humeri

Question 35 - Humerus Distal Epiphysis

  • Humerus distal epiphysis absence: capitulum humeri

Question 36 - Radius

  • Radius feature absence: incisura trochlearis

Question 37-40 - Different body parts

  • Various features are listed for specific bones.

Question 219-221 - Temporal Bone

  • Temporal bone features list

Question 222 - Mastoid Process

  • Temporal bone features list

Question 223 & 224 - Temporal Bone

  • Temporal bone features list

Question 225 & 226 - Maxillary Bone

  • Maxillary bone features list

Question 227 - Zygomatic Bone

  • Zygomatic bone features list

Question 228 - Palatine Bone

  • Palatine bone features list

Question 229 - Nasal Conchae

  • Nasal conchae features list

Question 230 - Mandibular Bone

  • Mandibular bone features list

Question 231 - Vertebrae Differences

  • Vertebrae differences based on region (cervical, thoracic, lumbar)

Question 232, 233, 234 - Specific vertebra differences.

  • Feature differences between different types of vertebrae.

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