Human Anatomy: Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Questions and Answers

To protect and support internal organs

Smooth muscle

To transmit and receive signals

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells Signup and view all the answers

To break down food into nutrients Signup and view all the answers

To support and protect internal organs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Comprises 206 bones in the adult human body
Functions:
- Support and protection of internal organs
- Movement through muscle attachment
- Blood cell production (in bone marrow)
Divided into:
- Axial skeleton (80 bones): skull, spine, ribs, sternum
- Appendicular skeleton (126 bones): upper and lower limbs, pelvis, shoulder girdle

Comprises:
- Central Nervous System (CNS):
  - Brain and spinal cord
  - Integrates and processes information
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
  - Nerves connecting CNS to the rest of the body
  - Transmits and receives signals
Functions:
- Controls and coordinates body functions
- Enables sensation, perception, and response to stimuli

Comprises:
- Heart: pumps blood throughout the body
- Arteries: transport oxygenated blood away from the heart
- Veins: transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart
- Blood: transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products
Functions:
- Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Removes waste products from cells

Comprises:
- Mouth: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
- Esophagus: food transportation to the stomach
- Stomach: chemical breakdown of food
- Small intestine: nutrient absorption
- Large intestine: water and electrolyte absorption, waste elimination
Functions:
- Breaks down food into nutrients
- Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream
- Eliminates waste products

Comprises 206 bones in the adult human body
Provides support and protection of internal organs
Enables movement through muscle attachment
Produces blood cells in the bone marrow
Divided into axial skeleton (80 bones) and appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
Axial skeleton includes skull, spine, ribs, and sternum
Appendicular skeleton includes upper and lower limbs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle

Skeletal Muscles (voluntary)
- Attached to bones, enabling movement
- Examples: biceps, quadriceps
Smooth Muscles (involuntary)
- Found in internal organs, enabling automatic functions
- Examples: digestive tract, blood vessels
Cardiac Muscles (involuntary)
- Found in the heart, enabling heartbeat

Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Brain and spinal cord
- Integrates and processes information
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Nerves connecting CNS to the rest of the body
- Transmits and receives signals
Controls and coordinates body functions
Enables sensation, perception, and response to stimuli