Human Anatomy Quiz

Skeletal System

• Composed of 206 bones in the adult human body
• Functions:
  • Support: provides framework for body
  • Protection: shields internal organs
  • Movement: acts as attachment site for muscles
  • Blood cell production: bone marrow produces blood cells
  • Calcium and phosphorus storage: regulates mineral levels
• Divided into two parts:
  • Axial skeleton: skull, spine, ribs, sternum
  • Appendicular skeleton: upper and lower limbs, pelvis, shoulder girdle

Muscular System

• Composed of approximately 640 muscles in the adult human body
• Functions:
  • Movement: voluntary and involuntary movements
  • Support: maintains posture and stabilizes joints
  • Regulation: controls body temperature and blood pressure
• Types of muscles:
  • Skeletal muscles: voluntary, attached to bones
  • Smooth muscles: involuntary, found in walls of hollow organs
  • Cardiac muscles: involuntary, found in heart

Nervous System

• Composed of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• Functions:
  • Control: integrates and coordinates body functions
  • Communication: transmits and processes information
• CNS:
  • Brain: controls higher-level functions
  • Spinal cord: transmits messages between brain and PNS
• PNS:
  • Somatic nervous system: voluntary movements and sensations
  • Autonomic nervous system: involuntary functions, such as heart rate and digestion

Circulatory System

• Composed of heart, blood vessels, and blood
• Functions:
  • Oxygen delivery: transports oxygen to cells and tissues
  • Carbon dioxide removal: transports waste products away from cells and tissues
  • Nutrient delivery: transports nutrients to cells and tissues
  • Waste removal: transports waste products to excretory organs
• Components:
  • Heart: pumps blood throughout the body
  • Arteries: transport oxygenated blood away from heart
  • Veins: transport deoxygenated blood back to heart
  • Capillaries: allow for exchange of oxygen and nutrients with cells and tissues

Skeletal System

• The adult human skeletal system is composed of 206 bones that provide a framework for the body.
• It performs five main functions: support, protection, movement, blood cell production, and calcium and phosphorus storage.
• The skeletal system is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton (skull, spine, ribs, sternum) and the appendicular skeleton (upper and lower limbs, pelvis, shoulder girdle).

Muscular System

• The adult human muscular system consists of approximately 640 muscles that facilitate movement and stabilize joints.
• Muscles perform three main functions: movement, support, and regulation of body temperature and blood pressure.
• There are three types of muscles: skeletal muscles (voluntary, attached to bones), smooth muscles (involuntary, found in hollow organs), and cardiac muscles (involuntary, found in the heart).

Nervous System

• The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
• The nervous system integrates and coordinates body functions, transmits and processes information, and controls higher-level functions.
• The CNS includes the brain (controls higher-level functions) and spinal cord (transmits messages between the brain and PNS).
• The PNS consists of the somatic nervous system (voluntary movements and sensations) and autonomic nervous system (involuntary functions, such as heart rate and digestion).

Circulatory System

• The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which work together to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues.
• The circulatory system has four main functions: oxygen delivery, carbon dioxide removal, nutrient delivery, and waste removal.
• The heart pumps blood throughout the body, arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart, and veins transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• Capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients with cells and tissues.