Questions and Answers
The inferior conchae is a separate bone attached to the lower part lateral wall of the ______.
nasal cavity
The parotid duct pierces the buccinator muscle opposite the upper third ______ tooth.
molar
The pupil is innervated by the long ciliary nerve from ______.
CNV
The cornea is supplied by ______ arteries.
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The ______ sinus drains into the middle meatus.
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The medial rectus muscle is responsible for ______ rotation.
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The lamina cribrosa is the area of the sclera pierced by the nerve fibres of the ______ nerve.
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Tentorium cerebelli contains the ______ sinus.
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The ______ separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities and the nasopharynx.
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The soft palate is located at the ______ end of the palate.
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The hard palate is primarily made up of the palatine plate of the maxilla and the ______ plate of the palatine bone.
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Sensation of taste from the posterior part of the tongue is carried by the ______ nerve.
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The first lymph node group receiving lymphatic drainage from the most posterior portion of the tongue is the ______ node.
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If the facial nerve (VII) is injured near the chorda tympani nerve, the patient may experience loss of taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the ______.
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Taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue travels through a branch of the ______ cranial nerve.
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When a physician asks a patient to say 'ah', this indicates that the _____ nerve is functioning.
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The mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus is supplied by the ______.
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The ______ nerve is not an intra-cranial branch of the facial nerve.
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One of these is NOT a content of the ______ fossa.
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The muscle indicated 'A' is supplied by the ______ nerve.
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The action of the muscles labelled 'C' is to ______.
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Retraction of the tongue is produced mainly by contraction of the ______ and hyoglossus.
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The olfactory membrane of the nose is covered by ______.
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The pterygopalatine ganglion of nerves is a ______ ganglion.
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The greater and lesser palatine arteries are terminal branches of the ______ artery.
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In an epistaxis, the vessel the surgeon needs to ligate to control bleeding is the septal branch of the ______ artery.
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Two bones that form the septum dividing the nose are the ______ and ethmoid.
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General sensory nerve fibres have their cell bodies in the ______ ganglion.
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The sphenopalatine artery passes through the inferior orbital fissure to reach the ______.
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Which bone makes up part of the roof of the ______?
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What runs through the foramen ______?
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Which of these is NOT a nerve supply of the ______?
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The buccal branch of the facial nerve supply all the following muscles of facial expression except?
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Oral region includes all the following except: Oral cavity, Teeth and gingivae, Lips and tongue, Palate and ______ tonsils.
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The following are true of the oral cavity (mouth) except? It has ______ parts.
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Concerning the tongue: It is a mobile muscular ______.
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With regards to the surface of the tongue, the top surface is the ______.
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Study Notes
Retraction of the Tongue
- Retraction primarily involves the contraction of the styloglossus and hyoglossus muscles.
Olfactory Membrane of the Nose
- The olfactory membrane is located on the roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum, and superior conchae.
- It contains nerve cell bodies.
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
- A parasympathetic ganglion that provides postganglionic fibers with branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.
- Receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from cranial nerve IX.
Vessels of the Nasal and Palatine Mucosa
- Greater and lesser palatine arteries are terminal branches of the maxillary artery.
- The sphenopalatine artery runs on the nasal septum, anastomosing with the greater palatine artery at the incisive foramen.
- Extensive anastomosis is present among these vessels.
- The sphenopalatine artery traverses the inferior orbital fissure to reach the nasal septum.
Epistaxis
- In cases of serious nosebleeds that persist after gauze packing, ligation of the septal branch of the superior labial artery may be necessary to control posterior nasal cavity bleeding.
Bones that Form the Septum
- The septum is formed by the palatine and sphenoid bones as well as the vomer and ethmoid bones.
Nerve Supply to the Nasal Cavity
- General sensory nerve fibers have their cell bodies located in the geniculate ganglion.
The Inferior Conchae
- This structure is a separate bone that attaches to the lower part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
The Facial Nerve
- Enters through the internal acoustic meatus.
- An upper motor neuron lesion causes inability to raise the contralateral eyebrow.
- Exits the skull via the foramen spinosum.
- Located deep to the external carotid artery in the parotid gland and carries parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland.
The Parotid Gland
- The parotid duct pierces the buccinator muscle opposite the upper third molar tooth.
- Composed mainly of serous acini and innervated by the auriculotemporal nerve.
- The duct opens into the mouth opposite the second upper molar tooth.
- The anterior facial vein runs through the gland.
Neurovascular Structures of the Scalp
- The supra-orbital artery branches from the external carotid artery.
- Superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein form the retro-mandibular vein.
- The posterior auricular vein merges with the posterior division of the retro-mandibular vein to create the internal jugular vein.
- Zygomaticotemporal nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve.
Concerning the Eyeball
- The eyeball's nervous coat consists of the iris and retina.
- Ciliary arteries supply the cornea.
- The long ciliary nerve from cranial nerve V innervates the pupil.
- Lamina cribrosa is where the optic nerve fibers penetrate the sclera.
- Macula lutea provides the area for the most distinct vision.
Sinus Drainage
- Frontal sinus drains to the middle meatus.
- Posterior ethmoidal air spaces drain into the inferior meatus.
- Maxillary sinus drains into the middle nasal meatus.
- Anterior ethmoidal air spaces drain into the superior meatus.
Extra-Ocular Muscles Actions
- Medial rectus: medial rotation.
- Superior oblique: elevation.
- Superior rectus: elevation.
- Inferior oblique: extortion.
- Inferior rectus: adduction/medial deviation.
Dura Folds and Venous Channels
- Tentorium cerebelli contains the occipital sinus.
- Falx cerebelli is associated with the superior sagittal sinus.
- Falx cerebri houses the inferior sagittal sinus.
- Diaphragma sellae contains the superior petrosal sinus.
Anatomy of the Palate
- The palate separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities and nasopharynx.
- Superior surface is covered with oral mucosa; soft palate is posterior and hard palate is anterior.
Characteristics of the Hard Palate
- It is vault-shaped.
- Composed of the palatine plate of the maxilla and horizontal plate of the palatine bone.
- Merges with the soft palate anteriorly.
Tongue Mechanics
- Genioglossus muscle is responsible for protruding the tongue.
- Glossopharyngeal nerve carries taste sensation from the posterior area of the tongue.
- Sensation in the gingiva of the hard palate is conveyed by nerves in the greater palatine canals.
- Jugulo-omohyoid lymph nodes are the first group to receive drainage from the posterior tongue.
Facial Nerve Injury Symptoms
- If damaged near the chorda tympani origin, symptoms may include loss of taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, decreased salivation from submandibular gland, and loss of lacrimation.
Additional Neurological Functions
- Taste sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue travels through the seventh cranial nerve.
- Movement of the soft palate during "ah" pronunciation is controlled by the vagus nerve.
Maxillary Sinus and Nerve Supply
- Mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus is supplied by the posterior superior alveolar and infraorbital nerves.
Facial Nerve Branches
- Great petrosal nerve is not an intracranial branch of the facial nerve.
Infratemporal Fossa Content
- Medial pterygoid muscle is excluded from the contents of the infratemporal fossa.
Summary of Oral Cavity Characteristics
- The oral cavity includes the vestibule, cavity proper, and associated structures like teeth and gums.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the tongue and the olfactory system of the nose. This quiz covers muscle retraction of the tongue, the anatomy of the olfactory membrane, and the pterygopalatine ganglion. Perfect for students studying human anatomy and physiology.
