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Questions and Answers
Which of the following correctly describes the primary function of taste buds?
Taste buds are primarily located on which structures of the tongue?
Which of the following is NOT a type of papilla found on the tongue?
What is the main function of the filiform papillae on the tongue?
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Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for the sensation of taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
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Which of the following correctly describes the function of intrinsic tongue muscles?
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Which nerve innervates both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
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Which extrinsic tongue muscle is primarily responsible for protruding the tongue?
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What is the primary blood vessel that supplies blood to the tongue?
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Which nerve uniquely innervates the palatoglossus muscle, responsible for elevating the posterior part of the tongue?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue?
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What main neurotransmitter is involved in the process of taste perception?
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How does the trigeminal nerve contribute to the sensation of taste?
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What is the typical appearance of a healthy tongue?
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Which abnormal appearance of the tongue may indicate a vitamin deficiency?
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A white coating on the tongue often suggests which condition?
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What causes a 'hairy tongue' condition?
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Study Notes
Tongue Anatomy and Function
- Taste Buds: Primary function is to detect taste sensations (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami)
- Location: Primarily found on papillae, particularly circumvallate, fungiform, and foliate
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Papillae Types: Filiform, Foliate, Vallate
- Filiform: Gripping and manipulating food, without taste sensation
- Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve): Primarily responsible for taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
- Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: Change the shape of the tongue for fine movements.
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Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: Responsible for larger tongue movements
- Genioglossus: Protrudes (sticks out) the tongue.
- Lingual Artery: Primary blood supply to the tongue.
- Palatoglossus Muscle: Elevates the posterior part of the tongue and is innervated by the Vagus nerve (CN X).
Taste Sensation
- Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve): Transmits taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue.
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Taste Receptor Activation: Begins when taste receptors in the taste buds are activated.
- Neurotransmitter: ATP
- Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Detects spicy and pungent (painful) sensations, as well as temperature and texture.
Tongue Appearance in Health and Disease
- Healthy Tongue: Pink, slightly rough with a moist surface
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Abnormal Appearances: May indicate various conditions.
- Smooth, red, and glossy (atrophic glossitis): May indicate vitamin deficiencies (iron or B12).
- White coating: May indicate a fungal infection, such as oral thrush.
- "Hairy Tongue": Often caused by smoking, poor oral hygiene, or certain medications.
- Geographic Tongue: Red, patchy areas with white borders that change location over time.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the tongue, including the types of papillae and the cranial nerves involved in taste sensation. This quiz covers key aspects of tongue muscles, blood supply, and taste detection mechanisms. Perfect for students of human anatomy or anyone interested in understanding this vital organ.
