Anatomy of the Tongue

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Questions and Answers

What is the lingual frenulum responsible for?

Anchoring the tongue to the floor of the mouth (correct)

Moving the tongue to bony structures

Dividing the tongue into symmetric halves

Changing the shape of the tongue

What is the main function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

Anchoring the tongue to the hyoid bone

Changing the shape of the tongue (correct)

Moving the tongue to bony structures

Suspending the tongue to bony structures

How many pairs of intrinsic tongue muscles are there?

4 (correct)

What is the direction of the superior longitudinal muscle?

Oblique and longitudinal direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inferior longitudinal muscle?

Changing the shape of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the transverse muscle?

Transverse direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the inferior longitudinal muscle?

Close to the ventral surface of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

Moving the tongue while suspending and anchoring it to bony structures Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle forms the anterior faucial pillar in the oral cavity?

Palatoglossus Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Genioglossus muscle?

Protrudes the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is involved in middle ear function?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Where is the origin of the Hyoglossus muscle?

Greater Cornu and body of hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Styloglossus muscle?

Retracts the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

Hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, mandible and pterygomandibular raphe Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of Pharyngeal constrictor muscles are there?

3 pairs Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve?

Tensor veli palatini Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve that innervates the Stylopharyngeus muscle?

CN IX Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Palatopharyngeus muscle?

Moves the palate posteroinferiorly and the posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Palatoglossus muscle?

Elevates the base of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of muscles are found in the soft palate?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle?

Median palatine raphe Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle forms the posterior faucial pillar in the oral cavity?

Palatopharyngeus muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

Thyroid and cricoid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the common innervation of the muscles of the soft palate except the Tensor veli palatini?

CN X (pharyngeal plexus) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tongue

Thick, vascular, and voluntary muscle surrounded by a mucous membrane, anchored to the floor of the mouth by the lingual frenulum.
Consists of symmetric halves divided by the median septum, with a deep tendinous band located within the midline.

Intrinsic Tongue Muscles

4 pairs of muscles:
- Superior longitudinal muscle: most superficial, runs obliquely and longitudinally from base to apex, changes the shape of the tongue by shortening and thickening it.
- Inferior longitudinal muscle: close to the ventral surface, runs longitudinally from base to apex, changes the shape of the tongue by shortening and thickening it.
- Transverse muscle: deep to the superior longitudinal muscle, runs transversely from the median septum toward the lateral surface.
- Vertical muscle: runs vertically from the dorsal surface to the ventral surface in the body.

Extrinsic Tongue Muscles

4 muscles:
- Palatoglossus: forms the anterior faucial pillar in the oral cavity, elevates the base of the tongue, and depresses the soft palate.
- Styloglossus: retracts the tongue, moving it superiorly and posteriorly.
- Genioglossus: protrudes the tongue, depresses parts of the tongue surface.
- Hyoglossus: depresses the tongue.

Muscles of the Pharynx

Involved in speaking, swallowing, and middle ear function.
Part of both respiratory and digestive tracts, connected to both the nasal and oral cavities.

Muscles of the Pharynx (continued)

Stylopharyngeus muscle: paired longitudinal muscle, elevates and widens the pharynx.
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles: 3 pairs (superior, middle, inferior), raise the pharynx and larynx, and help drive food inferiorly into the esophagus during swallowing.
Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle: originates from the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, mandible, and pterygomandibular raphe, and inserts into the pharyngeal raphe.
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle: originates from the hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament, inserts into the pharyngeal raphe.
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle: originates from the thyroid and cricoid cartilage, inserts into the pharyngeal raphe.

Muscles of the Soft Palate

5 pairs of muscles, all involved in speaking and swallowing.
Soft palate forms the non-bony posterior part of the roof of the mouth or the oropharynx and connects laterally with the tongue.
All muscles except the tensor veli palatini are innervated by CN X (pharyngeal plexus).
Tensor veli palatini: innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve.
Palatopharyngeus muscle: moves the palate posteroinferiorly and the posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly to help close off the nasopharynx (tenses soft palate).
Levator Veli Palatini Muscle: raises the soft palate and helps bring it closer to the nasal cavity.

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Description

Explore the structure and function of the tongue, including its muscles, mucous membrane, and median septum. Learn about the intrinsic tongue muscles and their roles.