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Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of oxygen for hepatocytes?
What is the primary source of oxygen for hepatocytes?
- Proper hepatic artery (correct)
- Hepatic vein
- Central vein
- Portal vein
What role do sinusoids play in the liver's function?
What role do sinusoids play in the liver's function?
- They transport blood directly to the heart.
- They collect blood from the hepatic veins.
- They are responsible for detoxifying the blood.
- They supply hepatocytes with oxygen and nutrients. (correct)
Where does the nutrient and oxygen-poor blood from the liver collect?
Where does the nutrient and oxygen-poor blood from the liver collect?
- Hepatic artery
- Portal vein
- Central vein (correct)
- Hepatic vein
After blood is collected in the central vein, where does it go next?
After blood is collected in the central vein, where does it go next?
What happens to blood after it leaves the hepatic vein?
What happens to blood after it leaves the hepatic vein?
What is the primary function of the liver mentioned in the content?
What is the primary function of the liver mentioned in the content?
What are the main components that form the portal triad?
What are the main components that form the portal triad?
Which of the following best describes the structure surrounding hepatocytes in the liver?
Which of the following best describes the structure surrounding hepatocytes in the liver?
What is the primary function of the hepatocytes in the hepatic lobule?
What is the primary function of the hepatocytes in the hepatic lobule?
How does nutrient-rich blood enter the hepatic lobule?
How does nutrient-rich blood enter the hepatic lobule?
What shape do the hepatic lobules form in the liver?
What shape do the hepatic lobules form in the liver?
What is NOT a component of the portal triad observed in the liver?
What is NOT a component of the portal triad observed in the liver?
Which cells are primarily found within the hepatic lobules?
Which cells are primarily found within the hepatic lobules?
How many units of the portal triad surround each hepatic lobule?
How many units of the portal triad surround each hepatic lobule?
What hormone is responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to release bile?
What hormone is responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to release bile?
Which duct does bile pass through after being released from the gallbladder?
Which duct does bile pass through after being released from the gallbladder?
Where does bile enter the gastrointestinal tract?
Where does bile enter the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the primary function of bile once it reaches the duodenum?
What is the primary function of bile once it reaches the duodenum?
What happens to bile salts after they are absorbed in the ileum?
What happens to bile salts after they are absorbed in the ileum?
In which part of the digestive system does emulsification of fat primarily occur?
In which part of the digestive system does emulsification of fat primarily occur?
Which structure connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?
Which structure connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?
What initiates the contraction of the gallbladder to release bile?
What initiates the contraction of the gallbladder to release bile?
What is the final destination of bile before it aids in fat digestion?
What is the final destination of bile before it aids in fat digestion?
Where do fats get absorbed after emulsification?
Where do fats get absorbed after emulsification?
What are the two main components of bile?
What are the two main components of bile?
What is the primary function of bile salts?
What is the primary function of bile salts?
Which duct carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder?
Which duct carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder?
What role does the gallbladder play in the digestive system?
What role does the gallbladder play in the digestive system?
Where does bile go after it is produced in the liver?
Where does bile go after it is produced in the liver?
What term describes the process by which bile salts organize fat into smaller droplets?
What term describes the process by which bile salts organize fat into smaller droplets?
What structure serves as a blind pouch for the storage of bile?
What structure serves as a blind pouch for the storage of bile?
What does the composition of bile pigments primarily contribute to?
What does the composition of bile pigments primarily contribute to?
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Study Notes
Liver Vascular System
- Key vessels: portal vein, hepatic artery, common hepatic bile duct collectively form the portal triad.
- Portal triad is essential for surgical identification and is commonly observed in liver anatomy.
Hepatic Lobules
- Liver is organized into smaller units called hepatic lobules.
- Each lobule contains numerous hepatocytes (liver cells) surrounded by the portal triad.
Structure of Hepatic Lobule
- Hepatic lobule features a hexagonal shape comprising six units of the portal triad enclosing the hepatocytes.
- This intricate design allows efficient nutrient flow into the lobules.
Nutrient and Oxygen Supply
- Nutrient-rich blood enters through branches of the portal vein, providing essential materials for hepatocyte metabolism and macromolecule storage.
- The proper hepatic artery supplies necessary oxygen to the hepatocytes for cellular survival.
Sinusoids and Blood Flow
- Blood from the portal vein enters hepatic lobules through structures called sinusoids, facilitating exchange of nutrients and gases.
- Nutrient and oxygen-depleted blood collects at the central vein located in the center of each lobule.
Blood Collection and Return
- Central vein gathers blood from sinusoids for return through the hepatic vein, leading back to the heart.
- Once in the heart, blood is sent to the lungs for oxygenation before passing through the intestines for nutrient absorption.
Bile Production and Composition
- Bile is synthesized in the liver and exits through the common hepatic duct.
- Composed of bile pigments and bile salts; bile pigments are primarily for color, while bile salts are crucial for fat emulsification.
- Bile salts emulsify fats, converting them into micelles for absorption in the ileum.
Biliary Tree and Storage
- After production, bile travels through the common hepatic duct to the cystic duct.
- The cystic duct leads to the gallbladder, which serves solely to store bile until it is needed.
- The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) triggers gallbladder contraction to release bile.
Bile Flow Pathway
- Upon contraction, bile is expelled from the gallbladder through the cystic duct, moving into the common bile duct.
- The common bile duct is the final segment of the biliary tree, directing bile into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.
Function in the Digestion Process
- In the duodenum, bile emulsifies fats, enhancing their absorption.
- While fat is emulsified in the duodenum, bile salts proceed to the ileum for absorption.
- The ileum is responsible for the absorption of emulsified fats and bile salts.
Recycling of Bile Salts
- After absorption in the ileum, bile salts return to the liver to be utilized again.
- This cyclical process allows for efficient digestion and absorption of fats, maximizing the use of bile salts.
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