Human Anatomy: Pelvic Girdle & Leg Bones

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the largest sesamoid bone in the human skeleton?

Patella

How many pairs of ribs are present in the human body?

12 pairs of ribs

What are the types of ribs in a rib cage of man?

The ribs are classified into three groups: true, false, and floating ribs.

Which bones make up the axial skeleton?

<p>The axial skeleton is made up of 80 bones within The central core of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the main functions of the appendicular skeleton?

<p>The main function of the appendicular skeleton is to facilitate movement of the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lumber vertebra is found in

<p>abdominal region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total number of vertebrae in man is

<p>33 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In mammals, number of cervical vertebrae is

<p>7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cranium of man is made up of

<p>6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is formed from four vertebrae?

<p>Coccyx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of bones in the lower jaw of humans is

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Joints of femur with pelvic girdle is

<p>ball and socket joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ball and Socket joint can be seen in

<p>shoulder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sternum

A flat, elongated bone in the chest, consisting of a manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

Ribs

Bony structures that partially enclose and protect the chest cavity, forming a cage with the sternum and vertebral column.

True Ribs

The first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage.

False Ribs

The five pairs of ribs that don't attach directly to the sternum, with the last two pairs being floating ribs.

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Floating Ribs

The last two pairs of ribs, connected only to the vertebral column, providing flexibility to the lower rib cage.

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Sacrum

A triangular, compact bone formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae.

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Coccyx

A small, tapering bone formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae, forming the tailbone.

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Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder Girdle)

The bony structure that supports the upper limbs, consisting of the clavicle and scapula.

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Clavicle (Collarbone)

S-shaped bone that extends horizontally across the upper thorax and neck.

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Scapula (Shoulder Blade)

Flat, triangular bone located on the back of the thorax, forming the shoulder joint.

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Glenoid Cavity

A cavity on the scapula that receives the head of the humerus, forming a ball-and-socket joint.

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Humerus

Elongated bone of the upper arm, connecting the shoulder to the elbow.

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Head of the Humerus

The rounded top of the humerus that fits into the glenoid cavity.

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Greater and Lesser Tubercles (Tuberosities)

Projections on the humerus, one larger than the other.

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Why is continued research on migratory birds important?

Continued research and monitoring of migratory birds in Maharashtra is essential for their well-being.

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What is the role of scientific studies and tracking?

Scientific studies and tracking are essential to identify threats and adapt conservation strategies for migratory birds.

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How does understanding migratory bird ecology help conservation?

Understanding the ecology of migratory birds provides crucial information for their effective conservation.

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Why are collaboration and community involvement important?

Collaboration and community involvement are vital for protecting habitats, enacting policies, and raising awareness about migratory birds.

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What is the shared responsibility for migratory bird conservation?

Protecting migratory birds in Maharashtra requires a collective effort, ensuring the continued presence of these remarkable creatures.

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Axial Skeleton

The study of the human skeleton, focusing on the bones that form the central axis of the body.

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Appendicular Skeleton

The parts of the skeleton that lie perpendicular to the central axis, including limbs and their connecting structures.

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What are the components of the axial skeleton?

The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the axial skeleton.

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What is the vertebral column composed of?

The vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae, each with a specific structure and function.

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Cervical Vertebrae

The seven vertebrae in the neck region, characterized by their smaller size and unique features.

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Typical Cervical Vertebrae

The typical cervical vertebrae, characterized by their smaller size, broader width than length, and specific processes.

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Atlas (1st Cervical Vertebra)

The first cervical vertebra, characterized by its ring-like structure and lack of a spinous process.

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Axis or 2nd Cervical Vertebra

The second cervical vertebra, characterized by the presence of the odontoid process, allowing for rotation of the head.

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7th Cervical Vertebra

The last cervical vertebra, characterized by a longer, flattened spinous process and a unique foramen transversarium.

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Thoracic Vertebrae

The 12 vertebrae in the thoracic region, connected to the ribs and forming the ribcage.

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Lumbar Vertebrae

The five vertebrae in the abdominal region, characterized by their large size and specific processes.

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Study Notes

Pelvic Girdle

  • The pelvic girdle is a ring-like structure
  • It consists of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis.
  • It is connected to the sacrum.
  • It supports the weight of the upper body.
  • It protects the organs in the pelvic cavity.

Femur

  • The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body.
  • It is located in the thigh region.
  • It has a head, a neck, and a shaft.
  • The head of the femur has a smooth articular surface that articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone.
  • Also has greater and lesser trochanters.

Patella

  • The patella is a sesamoid bone.
  • It is located in front of the knee joint.
  • It is roughly triangular in shape.
  • It protects the knee joint.

Tibia and Fibula

  • The tibia is a large, strong bone.
  • It is located in the lower leg, medial to the fibula.
  • It is slightly flattened at each end.
  • The fibula is a smaller, thinner bone.
  • It is located in the lower leg, lateral to the tibia.
  • Both Tibia and fibula work together to form the ankle joint.

Radius and Ulna

  • The radius is located on the lateral side of the forearm.
  • The ulna is located medial to the radius.
  • They are long bones.
  • They articulate with the humerus at the elbow and with the carpals at the wrist.

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