Human Anatomy: Nephron and Excretory System

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Which structure in the nephron is primarily responsible for filtering the blood?

Proximal convoluted tubule
Glomerulus (correct)
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct

What is the main function of the Loop of Henle?

Collecting the filtrate from the glomerulus
Reabsorbing essential substances from the filtrate
Establishing a concentration gradient for water reabsorption (correct)
Secreting waste products into the filtrate

Which blood vessel carries blood away from the glomerulus?

Renal vein
Afferent arteriole
Renal artery
Efferent arteriole (correct)

In what part of the nephron does the final concentration of urine occur?

Collecting duct (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure directly surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered fluid?

Bowman's capsule (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the excretory system?

To eliminate harmful nitrogenous waste from the body and regulate fluid balance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of urine?

Bile (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that connects each kidney to the urinary bladder?

Ureter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of water in urine?

95% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What gives urine its characteristic light yellow color?

Urochrome (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the concave part of the kidney where blood vessels and the ureter connect?

Hilum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the fibrous membrane that covers the kidney?

Renal capsule (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidney?

Filtering blood, removing waste, and maintaining fluid balance (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a part of the nephron?

Ureter (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the kidney is located closest to the capsule?

Cortex (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a conical-shaped part of the renal medulla?

Renal Pyramid (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure directly conveys urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Ureter (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is a double-layered cup-shaped structure enclosing a network of capillaries?

Bowman's capsule (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the hilus located on the kidney?

On the concave or inner surface (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the nephron does hormonal regulation of water reabsorption mainly occur?

Distal convoluted tubule (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the kidneys and where are they located?

The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on the back of the abdominal cavity, below the rib cage, and attached to the spine. Each kidney is reddish in color with a concave portion called the hilum.

What is the hilum and what structures pass through it?

The hilum is the concave portion of the kidney where blood vessels and the ureter enter and exit. The renal artery carries blood into the kidney, while the renal vein carries blood away. The ureter connects the kidney to the bladder to transport urine.

What is a nephron?

The nephron, a functional unit of the kidney, is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons to efficiently remove waste products.

What is the renal corpuscle and what are its components?

The renal corpuscle is a part of the nephron responsible for filtering blood. It consists of two parts: the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus.