Human Anatomy II: Respiratory System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system that involves the movement of air?

  • Provides a large area for gas exchange
  • Aids in the sense of smell
  • Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration
  • Moves air into and out of the alveoli (correct)
  • Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory tract?

  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Nasal cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus (correct)
  • What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

  • To protect respiratory surfaces from dehydration
  • To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (correct)
  • To produce sounds for speech and communication
  • To aid in the sense of smell
  • Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system that is not directly related to gas exchange?

    <p>Produces sounds for speech and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the passageways that carry air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs?

    <p>Respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is responsible for protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration and temperature changes?

    <p>Nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the trachealis muscle in the trachea?

    <p>To dilate the trachea under sympathetic stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the right primary bronchus and the left primary bronchus?

    <p>The right primary bronchus is larger and at a steeper angle than the left primary bronchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cartilage that supports the walls of the trachea?

    <p>Tracheal cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of tertiary bronchi in each lung?

    <p>9-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the muscle that connects the tracheal cartilages?

    <p>Trachealis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the trachea?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the visceral pleura located?

    <p>Covers the outer surface of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a puncture in the parietal pleura?

    <p>The lung collapses and the chest wall expands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pleural layers?

    <p>To secrete serous fluid, reducing friction between the lungs and chest wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure separates the right and left pleural cavities?

    <p>Mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and external environment?

    <p>External respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the process of gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane occur?

    <p>In the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory tract is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying inhaled air?

    <p>Conducting portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cilia in the respiratory mucosa?

    <p>To propel mucus across the epithelial surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the opening between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

    <p>Internal nares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

    <p>To shared by respiratory and digestive systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx?

    <p>Soft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the epithelial cells that line the respiratory mucosa?

    <p>Ciliated columnar epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pneumocytes type II?

    <p>Produce surfactant to reduce surface tension in alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate surface area of the lungs due to the abundance of alveoli?

    <p>140 m²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition triggered by a lack of surfactant in alveoli?

    <p>Respiratory distress syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the initial bronchioles that branch from the tertiary bronchi?

    <p>1 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times does the entire bronchial tree branch?

    <p>32 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the surface that separates the lung lobes?

    <p>Interlobular septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

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