Human Anatomy II: Respiratory System

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What is the primary function of the respiratory system that involves the movement of air?

Provides a large area for gas exchange

Aids in the sense of smell

Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration

Moves air into and out of the alveoli (correct)

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory tract?

Paranasal sinuses

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Esophagus (correct)

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To protect respiratory surfaces from dehydration

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (correct)

To produce sounds for speech and communication

To aid in the sense of smell

Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system that is not directly related to gas exchange?

Produces sounds for speech and communication (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the passageways that carry air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs?

Respiratory tract (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration and temperature changes?

Nasal cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the trachealis muscle in the trachea?

To dilate the trachea under sympathetic stimulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the right primary bronchus and the left primary bronchus?

The right primary bronchus is larger and at a steeper angle than the left primary bronchus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cartilage that supports the walls of the trachea?

Tracheal cartilage (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of tertiary bronchi in each lung?

9-10 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the muscle that connects the tracheal cartilages?

Trachealis muscle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the trachea?

Larynx (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the visceral pleura located?

Covers the outer surface of the lungs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a puncture in the parietal pleura?

The lung collapses and the chest wall expands (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pleural layers?

To secrete serous fluid, reducing friction between the lungs and chest wall (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure separates the right and left pleural cavities?

Mediastinum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and external environment?

External respiration (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the process of gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane occur?

In the alveoli (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory tract is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying inhaled air?

Conducting portion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia in the respiratory mucosa?

To propel mucus across the epithelial surface (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the opening between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

Internal nares (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

To shared by respiratory and digestive systems (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx?

Soft palate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the epithelial cells that line the respiratory mucosa?

Ciliated columnar epithelial cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pneumocytes type II?

Produce surfactant to reduce surface tension in alveoli (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate surface area of the lungs due to the abundance of alveoli?

140 m² (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition triggered by a lack of surfactant in alveoli?

Respiratory distress syndrome (C) Signup and view all the answers