Questions and Answers
Which ligament prevents medial opening of the knee?
The lateral collateral ligament prevents medial opening of the knee.
False
What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Prevent anterior dislocation of the tibia against the femur.
Match the following ligaments with their primary roles:
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The _______ ligament runs from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial tibia.
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Which ligament connects the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral fibular head?
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The patellar ligament stabilizes the quadriceps muscle.
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Where does the anterior cruciate ligament originate?
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The _______ ligament stabilizes the hinge motion of the knee and is located laterally.
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Match the ligaments with their attachment points:
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Study Notes
Humerus Structure and Articulation
- The humerus is the longest and largest bone in the upper limb.
- Proximal articulation with the scapula and distal articulation at the elbow with the radius and ulna.
- Anatomical features include the head, greater and lesser tubercles, surgical neck, intertubercular groove, deltoid tuberosity, trochlea, capitulum, and various epicondyles.
Classification of Bones
- Bones are classified into various types:
- Flat Bones: e.g., parietal bone.
- Short Bones: e.g., carpal bones.
- Irregular Bones: e.g., vertebrae.
- Long Bones: e.g., humerus.
- Sesamoid Bones: e.g., patella.
Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton
- Axial Skeleton: Provides the main axis of the body; supports and protects organs of the head, neck, and trunk.
- Appendicular Skeleton: Facilitates movement and supports structures of the limbs; includes the pectoral girdle.
Wrist and Hand Anatomy
- The wrist consists of 8 carpal bones organized into proximal and distal rows.
- Each hand contains 5 metacarpal bones; the digits (1-5) contain a total of 14 phalanges.
- Digits 2-5 have proximal, middle, and distal phalanges; digit 1 (thumb) has only proximal and distal phalanges.
- The wrist joint is a synovial condyloid joint between the radius and proximal carpal bones.
Pelvic Structure
- Pelvic bones articulate with each other anteriorly at the pubic symphysis and with the sacrum posteriorly at the sacroiliac joint.
- Components include iliac crest, iliac fossa, acetabulum, and ischial tuberosity.
- The pelvic brim differentiates between the greater/false pelvis (superior) and the lesser/true pelvis (inferior).
Femur and Patella Connection
- The femur's head articulates with the acetabulum, forming the hip joint.
- Greater and lesser trochanters serve as muscle attachment sites for femoral movement.
- Key ligaments include the medial tibial collateral ligament and lateral fibular collateral ligament, stabilizing the knee joint and preventing excessive movement.
Knee Joint Ligaments
- The knee joint consists of several crucial ligaments:
- Medial Collateral Ligament: Stabilizes the medial aspect of the knee.
- Lateral Collateral Ligament: Stabilizes the lateral aspect of the knee.
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): Prevents anterior dislocation of the tibia relative to the femur.
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): Also involved in stabilizing the knee.
- These ligaments help maintain the hinge motion of the knee.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the humerus, the largest bone of the upper limb. It articulates at both the shoulder with the scapula and at the elbow with the radius and ulna. Test your knowledge of its structure and functions.
