Human Anatomy: Esophagus

What is the approximate length of the esophagus?

15.2 cm
25.4 cm (correct)
30.5 cm
35.6 cm

What is the function of the upper esophageal sphincter?

To contract and prevent stomach acids from entering the esophagus
To relax and allow food to pass into the stomach
To control the movement of food from the pharynx into the esophagus (correct)
To lubricate the esophagus and food

What is the term for the stomach's contents flowing back into the esophagus?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Regurgitation (correct)
Heartburn
Acid reflux

What is the purpose of the esophageal hiatus?

To allow the esophagus to penetrate the diaphragm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of waves propel the bolus of food towards the stomach?

Rhythmic waves of peristalsis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the muscle that serves as a valve and surrounds a tube?

Sphincter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lower esophageal sphincter?

To control the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where chemical digestion begins?

The stomach (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate volume of food and fluid that the stomach can hold?

4 liters (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the stomach in the digestive system?

To serve as a temporary holding chamber for food (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the stomach typically handle food that is ingested?

It mixes food together with digestive juices until it is converted into chyme (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the liquid mixture formed in the stomach?

Chyme (A) Signup and view all the answers

How often is the surface epithelium of the stomach completely replaced?

Every 3 to 6 days (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pylorus?

Filtering liquids and small food particles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to salivary amylase when food mixes with acidic chyme?

It becomes inactive (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach stores undigested food and gases?

Fundus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What regulates gastric emptying?

Both the stomach and the duodenum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the only stomach function necessary for life?

Producing intrinsic factor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of protein is digested and absorbed in the small intestine?

95-98% (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bile salts in lipid digestion and absorption?

They speed up lipid digestion and are essential for absorption (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where do the products of lipid digestion enter the bloodstream?

Lymphatic vessels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of nucleic acid absorption in the small intestine?

Active transport (D) Signup and view all the answers

How much of the total fluid that enters the small intestine is absorbed?

90% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of protein absorption in the small intestine?

Duodenum and jejunum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if pancreatic enzymes were produced in an active form?

The enzymes would digest the pancreas (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is stimulated by the presence of proteins and fats in the duodenum?

CCK (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gallbladder's mucosa?

To absorb water and ions from bile (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the cystic duct merge with?

The hepatic duct coming from the liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the cystic duct?

1-2 cm (less than 1 in) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gallbladder?

To store, concentrate, and propel bile into the duodenum (B) Signup and view all the answers