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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the annular ligament in the elbow joint?
What is the primary role of the annular ligament in the elbow joint?
What movement is associated with the position described by the mnemonic 'palm towards the Plants'?
What movement is associated with the position described by the mnemonic 'palm towards the Plants'?
Which ligament is composed of two bands that connect to the ulna at the medial epicondyle?
Which ligament is composed of two bands that connect to the ulna at the medial epicondyle?
What injury can result from a supinated hand position during activities such as a Tsukahara vault?
What injury can result from a supinated hand position during activities such as a Tsukahara vault?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the elbow joint?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the elbow joint?
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What is the significance of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder joint?
What is the significance of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder joint?
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Which bone in the forearm is considered the longer of the two?
Which bone in the forearm is considered the longer of the two?
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What type of joint is the shoulder joint classified as?
What type of joint is the shoulder joint classified as?
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What is the primary cause of muscular fatigue during exercise?
What is the primary cause of muscular fatigue during exercise?
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Which principle indicates that the training stimulus must not only be sufficient but also progressively increase?
Which principle indicates that the training stimulus must not only be sufficient but also progressively increase?
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What does the blood lactate threshold indicate?
What does the blood lactate threshold indicate?
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Why is specific adaptation to imposed demand essential in training?
Why is specific adaptation to imposed demand essential in training?
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Which of the following statements best describes muscular endurance?
Which of the following statements best describes muscular endurance?
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What effect does insufficient recovery have on training?
What effect does insufficient recovery have on training?
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What does the concept of diminishing adaptation at high levels imply?
What does the concept of diminishing adaptation at high levels imply?
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Which principle emphasizes that adaptations in training can vary significantly between individuals?
Which principle emphasizes that adaptations in training can vary significantly between individuals?
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What is the primary function of the quadriceps femoris group of muscles?
What is the primary function of the quadriceps femoris group of muscles?
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What is the distal attachment point for the gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the distal attachment point for the gastrocnemius muscle?
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Which of the following injuries occurs due to a 'plant and twisting' movement?
Which of the following injuries occurs due to a 'plant and twisting' movement?
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What is the main preventive measure for anterior cruciate ligament injuries?
What is the main preventive measure for anterior cruciate ligament injuries?
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Which grade of ankle sprain involves complete tearing of ligaments?
Which grade of ankle sprain involves complete tearing of ligaments?
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Which muscle is responsible for both foot plantar flexion and knee flexion?
Which muscle is responsible for both foot plantar flexion and knee flexion?
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What kind of forces lead to a medial collateral ligament injury?
What kind of forces lead to a medial collateral ligament injury?
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What should be focused on during physical preparation to prevent ankle sprains?
What should be focused on during physical preparation to prevent ankle sprains?
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What is a characteristic of transformational leadership?
What is a characteristic of transformational leadership?
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Which leadership style is characterized by strict structure and task orientation?
Which leadership style is characterized by strict structure and task orientation?
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Which of the following is a guideline for good leadership behavior?
Which of the following is a guideline for good leadership behavior?
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What is one of the three basic needs emphasized in good leadership?
What is one of the three basic needs emphasized in good leadership?
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Which communication modality comprises 50-70% of all communication?
Which communication modality comprises 50-70% of all communication?
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What is a key trait of laissez-faire leadership?
What is a key trait of laissez-faire leadership?
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What defines effective listening behavior?
What defines effective listening behavior?
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Which age group should coaching focus on developing fundamental movement?
Which age group should coaching focus on developing fundamental movement?
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What does the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) primarily measure?
What does the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) primarily measure?
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How is the perceived load calculated using RPE?
How is the perceived load calculated using RPE?
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What is the relationship between acute workload and chronic workload?
What is the relationship between acute workload and chronic workload?
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Why is understanding the connection between internal and external load important for coaches?
Why is understanding the connection between internal and external load important for coaches?
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What is the primary purpose of the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale?
What is the primary purpose of the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale?
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What does the acute/chronic workload ratio indicate?
What does the acute/chronic workload ratio indicate?
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Which of the following factors is NOT considered an external load?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered an external load?
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What is a critical consideration when prescribing load on an individual basis?
What is a critical consideration when prescribing load on an individual basis?
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Study Notes
Elbow Anatomy
- The elbow joint connects the humerus, ulna, and radius bones.
- The elbow allows for flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of the arm.
- The humerus has two articular surfaces: the Capitulum and the Trochlea.
- Ligaments supporting the elbow joint:
- Annular Ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
- Medial Collateral ligament has two bands, one anterior and one posterior.
- Lateral collateral ligament extends from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament.
- The joint capsule (synovial membrane) provides elbow stability.
Shoulder Anatomy
- The shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) connects the scapula and the humerus.
- It is a ball and socket joint, allowing for high mobility but compromising stability.
- The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
- The articulating surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage.
Leg Muscles
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Quadriceps Femoris: Responsible for knee extension and hip flexion (for Rectus Femoris).
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Individual Muscles:
- Rectus Femoris
- Vastus Medialis
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Intermedius
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Individual Muscles:
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Gastrocnemius: Plantar flexes the foot and flexes the knee.
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Soleus: Plantar flexes the foot.
Common Leg Injuries
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury: Occurs with a "plant and twisting" motion. The ACL prevents anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur.
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Medial & Lateral Collateral Ligament Injuries:
- MCL injuries occur with inward landing forces.
- LCL injuries occur with outward landing forces.
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Ankle Sprains: Occur when the ankle rolls. Classified into three grades, based on severity:
- Grade 1: Ligaments are minimally affected (bruising, inflammation).
- Grade 2: Ligaments are stretched but not torn (moderate bruising, inflammation).
- Grade 3: Ligaments are completely torn (severe bruising, inflammation).
Fatigue and Training Principles
- Fatigue: Inability of muscles to maintain strength during exercise, caused by ATP depletion and lactic acid accumulation.
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Training Principles:
- Specificity: Adaptations are specific to the type of training stimuli.
- Progressive Overload: The stimulus must progressively increase to induce adaptation.
- Reversibility: Adaptations are lost if training is discontinued.
- Individualization: Adaptations vary between individuals.
- Variation: Continuous stimulus can lead to accommodation, requiring changes in training approaches.
- Recovery: Sufficient recovery is essential for training effects.
- Diminishing Returns: High-level athletes may see diminishing returns with further training.
Load Management (SAID Principle)
- SAID (Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand): Applies to strength, muscular endurance, and skill learning.
- Internal Load: Individual's perceived exertion and physiological response to training.
- External Load: Objective measures of training, like repetitions, sets, and weight.
- Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE): Subjective measure of effort during exercise.
- Acute Workload: Short-term measure of fatigue.
- Chronic Workload: Long-term measure of fitness.
- Acute/Chronic Workload Ratio: Measure of short-term load (fatigue) relative to long-term load (fitness).
Leadership Styles
- Transactional Leadership: Focuses on rewards and punishment.
- Laissez-faire Leadership: Lack of leadership or involvement.
- Autocratic Leadership: Directive and task-oriented.
- Democratic Leadership: Collaborative and athlete-centered.
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Transformational Leadership: Vision-driven with a focus on values.
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Characteristics:
- Inspirational Motivation
- Idealized Attributes
- Idealized Behaviors
- Individualized Consideration
- Intellectual Stimulation
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Characteristics:
Coaching and Communication
- Coaching Guidelines for Children: Inclusive focus on the child and teaching fundamental movement skills.
- Coaching Guidelines for Young Adolescents: Teaching competition rules.
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Communication Modalities:
- Verbal (audible communication)
- Non-verbal (visible and audible communication)
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Listening Guidelines:
- Focus on the speaker.
- Listen for content and emotions.
- Be attentive, supportive, and genuine.
- Summarize key points.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the anatomy of the elbow and shoulder joints, including bone structures, ligaments, and muscle functions. This quiz covers essential aspects of joint mobility, stability, and associated musculature.