Questions and Answers
What is the term for bones?
What does 'myel/o' refer to?
Bone marrow
What is chondr/o related to?
Cartilage
What does arth/o refer to?
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What is the function of bones?
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What is the primary function of synovial fluid?
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What does '-um' signify?
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What does '-dysis' mean?
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What is kyph/o associated with?
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What is the medical term for an abnormal lateral curve of the spine?
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What is the function of osteoblasts?
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What is osteoarthritis?
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What is the cause of osteonecrosis?
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Study Notes
Bones
- Bones are represented by the roots oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, and ost/o.
- They provide a framework for the body, protect organs, and store calcium.
- Osteoblasts are cells that form new bone, while osteoclasts break down bone tissue.
Bone Marrow
- Bone marrow is indicated by the term myel/o.
- It is responsible for the formation of blood cells.
Cartilage
- Cartilage is denoted by the root chondr/o.
- It provides a smooth surface for joint movement and protects the ends of bones.
Joints
- Joints are represented by the term arth/o.
- They work in conjunction with muscles to facilitate movement.
Synovial Components
- Synovial membrane is indicated by synovi/o or synov/o, lining synovial joints and secreting synovial fluid.
- Synovial fluid lubricates joints, ensuring smooth movement.
Bursa
- Bursae are denoted by the root burs/o and cushion areas to reduce friction during movement.
Conditions Related to Bones and Joints
- Ankylosis is the loss or absence of mobility in a joint.
- Osteoarthritis is a common form of arthritis associated with aging.
- Osteoporosis involves loss of bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures.
- Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Surgical Procedures
- Arthrocentesis refers to the surgical puncture of a joint for fluid removal.
- Arthroplasty is the surgical repair of a joint.
- Bursectomy involves the surgical removal of a bursa.
- Arthrodesis is the surgical stiffening of a joint.
- Osteorrhaphy is the suturing or wiring together of bones.
Diagnostic Terms
- Arthroscopy allows for visual examination of a joint.
- Symptoms like kyphosis exhibit an abnormal increase in thoracic spine curvature.
Bone and Spine Anatomy
- Vertebrae make up the backbone and consist of 24 articulating bones.
- The cranium or skull is indicated by crani.
- The term scolio represents curvature, commonly seen in scoliosis cases.
Bone Health and Disorders
- Osteopenia refers to a decrease in bone density.
- Myeloma is a tumor derived from bone marrow tissue.
- Paget's disease, of unknown origin, leads to abnormal bone repair.
- Rheumatoid arthritis affects small joints, particularly in hands and feet.
Other Definitions
- Hallux valgus indicates an abnormal enlargement of the joint, often a bunion.
- Talipes, or clubfoot, describes a foot turned inward or outward.
- Lumbago designates lower back pain.
- Periostitis is inflammation of the periosteum, the fibrous tissue covering bones.
Terminology Suffixes and Prefixes
- The suffix -um is a noun ending.
- The suffix -desis indicates surgical fixation of bones or joints.
- The suffix -poietic pertains to the formation of substances like blood cells.
- The root kyph refers to a bent or hump condition.
- The root ankyl denotes something that is crooked, bent, or stiff.
- The suffix -lysis implies loosening or freeing of tissue.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of bones, joints, and related components in human anatomy. You'll explore terms such as osteoblasts, cartilage, and synovial fluid. Test your knowledge on how these elements work together to support movement and protect the body.
