Bone Types and Joints Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of bone is characterized by being roughly cube-shaped and not having shaft or ends?

Short bones (correct)

Irregular bones

Flat bones

Pneumatic bones

What is the primary blood supply route for the inner two-thirds of mature long bone?

Epiphyseal artery

Metaphyseal artery

Periosteal artery

Nutrient artery (correct)

Which of the following examples represents an irregular bone?

Vertebrae (correct)

Carpal bones

Ribs

Patella

What anatomical feature is responsible for being the outer covering of a bone?

Periosteum Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone contains air-filled spaces?

Pneumatic bones Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for multi-axial movement?

Ball and Socket Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synovial fluid in a joint?

Lubricate the joint Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type is characterized by being striated and voluntarily controlled?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What connective tissue surrounds each muscle fiber in skeletal muscle?

Endomysium Signup and view all the answers

Which joint shape allows for a side-to-side and back-and-forth movement?

Saddle Signup and view all the answers

In which type of muscle are the nuclei located centrally?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint involves a cylindrical end fitting into a trough-shaped surface?

Hinge Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is categorized as immovable?

Synarthroses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?

Sternocostal joints Signup and view all the answers

Fibrous joints allow for which type of movement?

Immovable or slight Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a gomphosis joint?

Root of a tooth in its bony socket Signup and view all the answers

What feature is NOT characteristic of synovial joints?

Articulating bones covered by fibrocartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of joints allows for slight movement?

Amphiarthroses Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue joins bones in a syndesmosis joint?

Fibrous tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is most commonly found in arms and legs?

Synovial joints Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Types

Axial skeleton: Bones of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum)
Appendicular skeleton: Bones of the limbs and girdles
Long bones: Shaft (diaphysis), ends (epiphyses), outer covering (periosteum), medullary cavity filled with red marrow in children/young adults, periosteal and nutrient arteries supply blood.
Short bones: Roughly cube-shaped, lack shafts and ends, examples include carpal and tarsal bones
Sesamoid bones: Shaped like sesame seeds, form within tendons, examples include the patella
Flat bones: Thin, flat, and somewhat curved, include most cranial bones, ribs, and sternum
Irregular bones: Various shapes, don't fit into other categories, examples include vertebrae and hip bones
Pneumatic bones: Contain air-filled spaces, examples include frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxilla

Joints

Definition: Junction between two or more bones, permitting movement.
Classification (Functional):
- Synarthroses: Immovable joints (e.g., sutures in the skull)
- Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints (e.g., intervertebral discs)
- Diarthroses: Freely movable joints (e.g., synovial joints)
Classification (Structural):
- Fibrous joints: Connected by fibrous tissue (e.g., sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses)
  - Sutures: Immovable joints in the skull
  - Syndesmoses: Slightly movable joints connected by ligaments (e.g., distal tibiofibular joint)
  - Gomphoses: Peg-and-socket joints (e.g., teeth in their sockets)
- Cartilaginous joints: Connected by cartilage (e.g., synchondroses, symphyses)
  - Synchondroses: Immovable joints with hyaline cartilage (e.g., epiphyseal plate, sternocostal joints)
  - Symphyses: Slightly movable joints with fibrocartilage (e.g., symphysis pubis, intervertebral discs)
- Synovial joints: Freely movable, articular capsule with synovial fluid (e.g., ball and socket, hinge, condyloid, saddle, pivot, plane joints)
  - Hinge joints: Movement in one plane (e.g., elbow, interphalangeal joints)
  - Ball and socket joints: Multiaxial movement (e.g., shoulder, hip)

Muscles

Types: Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal muscle:
- Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells
- Exhibit cross-striations
- Nuclei peripherally placed
- Contraction is quick, strong, and voluntary
- Used for locomotion, mastication, phonation, etc
- Connective tissue layers surrounding muscle fibers: epimysium, perimysium, endomysium.
Cardiac muscle:
- Short, cylindrical, branched cells
- Exhibit cross-striations
  - Centrally placed nuclei.
- Intercalated discs (junctions) enable ionic communication and involuntary rhythmic contraction -Located in the walls and septa of the heart
Smooth muscle:
- Non-striated, fusiform cells
- Centrally placed nucleus
- Contraction is slow, involuntary, and sustained
- Found in walls of hollow organs and blood vessels
Classification of muscles:
- Action: Prime mover, synergist, antagonist, fixator
- Direction of fibers: Unipennate, bipennate, multipennate
- Shape: Circular, strap, quadrangular, triangular, rhomboidal, fusiform
- Structure and function: Striated/skeletal muscle, Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various types of bones and joints in the human body. This quiz covers the axial and appendicular skeleton, along with detailed classifications of long, short, sesamoid, flat, irregular, and pneumatic bones. Challenge yourself and learn more about how these bones and their joints function together.