Bone Types and Joints Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of bone is characterized by being roughly cube-shaped and not having shaft or ends?

  • Short bones (correct)
  • Irregular bones
  • Flat bones
  • Pneumatic bones

What is the primary blood supply route for the inner two-thirds of mature long bone?

  • Epiphyseal artery
  • Metaphyseal artery
  • Periosteal artery
  • Nutrient artery (correct)

Which of the following examples represents an irregular bone?

  • Vertebrae (correct)
  • Carpal bones
  • Ribs
  • Patella

What anatomical feature is responsible for being the outer covering of a bone?

<p>Periosteum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone contains air-filled spaces?

<p>Pneumatic bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for multi-axial movement?

<p>Ball and Socket (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synovial fluid in a joint?

<p>Lubricate the joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type is characterized by being striated and voluntarily controlled?

<p>Skeletal muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connective tissue surrounds each muscle fiber in skeletal muscle?

<p>Endomysium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint shape allows for a side-to-side and back-and-forth movement?

<p>Saddle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of muscle are the nuclei located centrally?

<p>Cardiac muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint involves a cylindrical end fitting into a trough-shaped surface?

<p>Hinge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is categorized as immovable?

<p>Synarthroses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?

<p>Sternocostal joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fibrous joints allow for which type of movement?

<p>Immovable or slight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a gomphosis joint?

<p>Root of a tooth in its bony socket (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature is NOT characteristic of synovial joints?

<p>Articulating bones covered by fibrocartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of joints allows for slight movement?

<p>Amphiarthroses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue joins bones in a syndesmosis joint?

<p>Fibrous tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is most commonly found in arms and legs?

<p>Synovial joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Joint definition

Junction between two or more bones, allowing for movement.

Synarthrosis

Immovable joints, allowing for no movement. Examples include sutures in the skull.

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable joints, allowing for limited movement. Examples include intervertebral discs.

Diarthrosis

Freely movable joints, allowing for a wide range of motion. Examples include the hip and knee joints.

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Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone that ossifies from a primary center during bone development.

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Epiphysis

The ends of a long bone that ossify from secondary centers during bone development. They are responsible for growth in length.

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Short Bone

A type of bone that is roughly cube-shaped, with no distinct shaft or ends. Examples include the bones of the wrist and ankle.

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Flat Bone

A type of bone that is thin, flat, and slightly curved. They often provide protection and surface area for muscle attachment. Examples include the cranial bones of the skull, ribs, and sternum.

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Irregular Bone

A type of bone that has a unique shape that doesn't fit into other categories. Examples include the vertebrae of the spine and the hip bones.

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Synovial Membrane

Covers the inside of a joint cavity, excluding the articular cartilage surfaces. It produces the lubricating fluid.

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Synovial Fluid

The fluid found in joint cavities that reduces friction during movement.

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Extrinsic Ligaments

Strong bands of dense connective tissue that support joints and connect bones.

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Hinge Joint

A type of joint that allows for movement in one plane, like a door hinge. Examples include the elbow, ankle, and finger joints.

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Plane Joint

A type of joint where the articular surfaces are flat, allowing for small sliding movements. Examples include the bones of the wrist and ankles.

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Condyloid Joint

A type of joint with an oval-shaped articular surface fitting into an oval-shaped concavity. Allows for movement in two planes. Examples include the wrist and knuckle joints.

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Pivot Joint

A type of joint where a round end of one bone rotates within a ring formed by another bone and ligament. Allows for rotation around a long axis. Examples include the joint between the radius and ulna, and the joint between the first and second vertebrae.

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Study Notes

Bone Types

  • Axial skeleton: Bones of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum)
  • Appendicular skeleton: Bones of the limbs and girdles
  • Long bones: Shaft (diaphysis), ends (epiphyses), outer covering (periosteum), medullary cavity filled with red marrow in children/young adults, periosteal and nutrient arteries supply blood.
  • Short bones: Roughly cube-shaped, lack shafts and ends, examples include carpal and tarsal bones
  • Sesamoid bones: Shaped like sesame seeds, form within tendons, examples include the patella
  • Flat bones: Thin, flat, and somewhat curved, include most cranial bones, ribs, and sternum
  • Irregular bones: Various shapes, don't fit into other categories, examples include vertebrae and hip bones
  • Pneumatic bones: Contain air-filled spaces, examples include frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxilla

Joints

  • Definition: Junction between two or more bones, permitting movement.
  • Classification (Functional):
    • Synarthroses: Immovable joints (e.g., sutures in the skull)
    • Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints (e.g., intervertebral discs)
    • Diarthroses: Freely movable joints (e.g., synovial joints)
  • Classification (Structural):
    • Fibrous joints: Connected by fibrous tissue (e.g., sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses)
      • Sutures: Immovable joints in the skull
      • Syndesmoses: Slightly movable joints connected by ligaments (e.g., distal tibiofibular joint)
      • Gomphoses: Peg-and-socket joints (e.g., teeth in their sockets)
    • Cartilaginous joints: Connected by cartilage (e.g., synchondroses, symphyses)
      • Synchondroses: Immovable joints with hyaline cartilage (e.g., epiphyseal plate, sternocostal joints)
      • Symphyses: Slightly movable joints with fibrocartilage (e.g., symphysis pubis, intervertebral discs)
    • Synovial joints: Freely movable, articular capsule with synovial fluid (e.g., ball and socket, hinge, condyloid, saddle, pivot, plane joints)
      • Hinge joints: Movement in one plane (e.g., elbow, interphalangeal joints)
      • Ball and socket joints: Multiaxial movement (e.g., shoulder, hip)

Muscles

  • Types: Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
  • Skeletal muscle:
    • Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells
    • Exhibit cross-striations
    • Nuclei peripherally placed
    • Contraction is quick, strong, and voluntary
    • Used for locomotion, mastication, phonation, etc
    • Connective tissue layers surrounding muscle fibers: epimysium, perimysium, endomysium.
  • Cardiac muscle:
    • Short, cylindrical, branched cells
    • Exhibit cross-striations
      • Centrally placed nuclei.
    • Intercalated discs (junctions) enable ionic communication and involuntary rhythmic contraction -Located in the walls and septa of the heart
  • Smooth muscle:
    • Non-striated, fusiform cells
    • Centrally placed nucleus
    • Contraction is slow, involuntary, and sustained
    • Found in walls of hollow organs and blood vessels
  • Classification of muscles:
    • Action: Prime mover, synergist, antagonist, fixator
    • Direction of fibers: Unipennate, bipennate, multipennate
    • Shape: Circular, strap, quadrangular, triangular, rhomboidal, fusiform
    • Structure and function: Striated/skeletal muscle, Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various types of bones and joints in the human body. This quiz covers the axial and appendicular skeleton, along with detailed classifications of long, short, sesamoid, flat, irregular, and pneumatic bones. Challenge yourself and learn more about how these bones and their joints function together.

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