Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of bone is characterized by being roughly cube-shaped and not having shaft or ends?
Which type of bone is characterized by being roughly cube-shaped and not having shaft or ends?
- Short bones (correct)
- Irregular bones
- Flat bones
- Pneumatic bones
What is the primary blood supply route for the inner two-thirds of mature long bone?
What is the primary blood supply route for the inner two-thirds of mature long bone?
- Epiphyseal artery
- Metaphyseal artery
- Periosteal artery
- Nutrient artery (correct)
Which of the following examples represents an irregular bone?
Which of the following examples represents an irregular bone?
- Vertebrae (correct)
- Carpal bones
- Ribs
- Patella
What anatomical feature is responsible for being the outer covering of a bone?
What anatomical feature is responsible for being the outer covering of a bone?
Which type of bone contains air-filled spaces?
Which type of bone contains air-filled spaces?
Which type of joint allows for multi-axial movement?
Which type of joint allows for multi-axial movement?
What is the primary function of synovial fluid in a joint?
What is the primary function of synovial fluid in a joint?
Which muscle type is characterized by being striated and voluntarily controlled?
Which muscle type is characterized by being striated and voluntarily controlled?
What connective tissue surrounds each muscle fiber in skeletal muscle?
What connective tissue surrounds each muscle fiber in skeletal muscle?
Which joint shape allows for a side-to-side and back-and-forth movement?
Which joint shape allows for a side-to-side and back-and-forth movement?
In which type of muscle are the nuclei located centrally?
In which type of muscle are the nuclei located centrally?
Which type of joint involves a cylindrical end fitting into a trough-shaped surface?
Which type of joint involves a cylindrical end fitting into a trough-shaped surface?
What type of joint is categorized as immovable?
What type of joint is categorized as immovable?
Which of the following is an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?
Which of the following is an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?
Fibrous joints allow for which type of movement?
Fibrous joints allow for which type of movement?
What constitutes a gomphosis joint?
What constitutes a gomphosis joint?
What feature is NOT characteristic of synovial joints?
What feature is NOT characteristic of synovial joints?
Which classification of joints allows for slight movement?
Which classification of joints allows for slight movement?
What type of connective tissue joins bones in a syndesmosis joint?
What type of connective tissue joins bones in a syndesmosis joint?
Which type of joint is most commonly found in arms and legs?
Which type of joint is most commonly found in arms and legs?
Flashcards
Joint definition
Joint definition
Junction between two or more bones, allowing for movement.
Synarthrosis
Synarthrosis
Immovable joints, allowing for no movement. Examples include sutures in the skull.
Amphiarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable joints, allowing for limited movement. Examples include intervertebral discs.
Diarthrosis
Diarthrosis
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Diaphysis
Diaphysis
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Epiphysis
Epiphysis
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Short Bone
Short Bone
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Flat Bone
Flat Bone
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Irregular Bone
Irregular Bone
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Synovial Membrane
Synovial Membrane
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Synovial Fluid
Synovial Fluid
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Extrinsic Ligaments
Extrinsic Ligaments
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Hinge Joint
Hinge Joint
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Plane Joint
Plane Joint
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Condyloid Joint
Condyloid Joint
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Pivot Joint
Pivot Joint
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Study Notes
Bone Types
- Axial skeleton: Bones of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum)
- Appendicular skeleton: Bones of the limbs and girdles
- Long bones: Shaft (diaphysis), ends (epiphyses), outer covering (periosteum), medullary cavity filled with red marrow in children/young adults, periosteal and nutrient arteries supply blood.
- Short bones: Roughly cube-shaped, lack shafts and ends, examples include carpal and tarsal bones
- Sesamoid bones: Shaped like sesame seeds, form within tendons, examples include the patella
- Flat bones: Thin, flat, and somewhat curved, include most cranial bones, ribs, and sternum
- Irregular bones: Various shapes, don't fit into other categories, examples include vertebrae and hip bones
- Pneumatic bones: Contain air-filled spaces, examples include frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxilla
Joints
- Definition: Junction between two or more bones, permitting movement.
- Classification (Functional):
- Synarthroses: Immovable joints (e.g., sutures in the skull)
- Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints (e.g., intervertebral discs)
- Diarthroses: Freely movable joints (e.g., synovial joints)
- Classification (Structural):
- Fibrous joints: Connected by fibrous tissue (e.g., sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses)
- Sutures: Immovable joints in the skull
- Syndesmoses: Slightly movable joints connected by ligaments (e.g., distal tibiofibular joint)
- Gomphoses: Peg-and-socket joints (e.g., teeth in their sockets)
- Cartilaginous joints: Connected by cartilage (e.g., synchondroses, symphyses)
- Synchondroses: Immovable joints with hyaline cartilage (e.g., epiphyseal plate, sternocostal joints)
- Symphyses: Slightly movable joints with fibrocartilage (e.g., symphysis pubis, intervertebral discs)
- Synovial joints: Freely movable, articular capsule with synovial fluid (e.g., ball and socket, hinge, condyloid, saddle, pivot, plane joints)
- Hinge joints: Movement in one plane (e.g., elbow, interphalangeal joints)
- Ball and socket joints: Multiaxial movement (e.g., shoulder, hip)
- Fibrous joints: Connected by fibrous tissue (e.g., sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses)
Muscles
- Types: Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
- Skeletal muscle:
- Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells
- Exhibit cross-striations
- Nuclei peripherally placed
- Contraction is quick, strong, and voluntary
- Used for locomotion, mastication, phonation, etc
- Connective tissue layers surrounding muscle fibers: epimysium, perimysium, endomysium.
- Cardiac muscle:
- Short, cylindrical, branched cells
- Exhibit cross-striations
- Centrally placed nuclei.
- Intercalated discs (junctions) enable ionic communication and involuntary rhythmic contraction -Located in the walls and septa of the heart
- Smooth muscle:
- Non-striated, fusiform cells
- Centrally placed nucleus
- Contraction is slow, involuntary, and sustained
- Found in walls of hollow organs and blood vessels
- Classification of muscles:
- Action: Prime mover, synergist, antagonist, fixator
- Direction of fibers: Unipennate, bipennate, multipennate
- Shape: Circular, strap, quadrangular, triangular, rhomboidal, fusiform
- Structure and function: Striated/skeletal muscle, Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various types of bones and joints in the human body. This quiz covers the axial and appendicular skeleton, along with detailed classifications of long, short, sesamoid, flat, irregular, and pneumatic bones. Challenge yourself and learn more about how these bones and their joints function together.