Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the maturation of ovarian follicles and ovum, as well as triggering ovulation in females?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the maturation of ovarian follicles and ovum, as well as triggering ovulation in females?
- Luteinizing hormone (LH) (correct)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Growth hormone (GH)
What is the dysfunction associated with hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
What is the dysfunction associated with hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
- Diabetes insipidus
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypercalcemia (correct)
- Myxedema
Which of the following hormones is NOT synthesized in the hypothalamus but released from axon terminals in the posterior pituitary?
Which of the following hormones is NOT synthesized in the hypothalamus but released from axon terminals in the posterior pituitary?
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Thyroxine (T4) (correct)
- Oxytocin (OT)
- Triiodothyronine (T3) (correct)
Which hormone, when hyposecreted in adults, can result in myxedema?
Which hormone, when hyposecreted in adults, can result in myxedema?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of milk into the breast ducts?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of milk into the breast ducts?
Which of the following hormones is considered a tropic hormone, meaning it stimulates the secretion of other hormones?
Which of the following hormones is considered a tropic hormone, meaning it stimulates the secretion of other hormones?
What is the dysfunction associated with hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in males?
What is the dysfunction associated with hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in males?
Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland and plays a key role in regulating blood calcium levels?
Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland and plays a key role in regulating blood calcium levels?
What condition results from hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) in pre-adult individuals?
What condition results from hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) in pre-adult individuals?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the thyroid gland?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the thyroid gland?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating gluconeogenesis, leading to an increase in blood glucose concentration, as well as exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-immunity, and antiallergy effects?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating gluconeogenesis, leading to an increase in blood glucose concentration, as well as exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-immunity, and antiallergy effects?
Which of the following endocrine glands plays a crucial role in promoting the development of immune-system cells?
Which of the following endocrine glands plays a crucial role in promoting the development of immune-system cells?
A patient presents with symptoms of muscle weakness, fatigue, and weight loss. Laboratory tests reveal low blood glucose levels and an inability to regulate electrolyte balance. Which of the following endocrine gland dysfunctions is most likely the cause?
A patient presents with symptoms of muscle weakness, fatigue, and weight loss. Laboratory tests reveal low blood glucose levels and an inability to regulate electrolyte balance. Which of the following endocrine gland dysfunctions is most likely the cause?
Which of the following pairs correctly matches an endocrine gland with its primary function?
Which of the following pairs correctly matches an endocrine gland with its primary function?
Hypersecretion of which hormone can lead to premature sexual development in females, along with masculinization?
Hypersecretion of which hormone can lead to premature sexual development in females, along with masculinization?
Which of the following hormones is produced by fat-storing cells and plays a role in regulating hunger and fullness?
Which of the following hormones is produced by fat-storing cells and plays a role in regulating hunger and fullness?
Which of the following statements regarding the adrenal glands is FALSE?
Which of the following statements regarding the adrenal glands is FALSE?
Which hormone, produced by the heart atria, is responsible for regulating fluid and electrolyte balance?
Which hormone, produced by the heart atria, is responsible for regulating fluid and electrolyte balance?
A patient presents with symptoms of excessive thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Which of the following endocrine gland dysfunctions is most likely the cause?
A patient presents with symptoms of excessive thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Which of the following endocrine gland dysfunctions is most likely the cause?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting conditions necessary for early pregnancy?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting conditions necessary for early pregnancy?
Flashcards
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones; a tropic hormone.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones; a tropic hormone.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Stimulates ovarian follicles in females; sperm production in males.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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Growth hormone (GH)
Growth hormone (GH)
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Prolactin (PRL)
Prolactin (PRL)
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Oxytocin (OT)
Oxytocin (OT)
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Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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Aldosterone
Aldosterone
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Cortisol
Cortisol
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Androgens
Androgens
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Epinephrine
Epinephrine
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Glucagon
Glucagon
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Insulin
Insulin
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Estrogens
Estrogens
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Testosterone
Testosterone
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Thymosin
Thymosin
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Melatonin
Melatonin
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Study Notes
Anterior Pituitary
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Tropic hormone; stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Tropic hormone; stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Tropic hormone; Female: stimulates development and secretion of estrogens; Male: stimulates production of seminiferous tubules of testes to stimulate produce sperm
- Luteinizing hormone (LH): Tropic hormone; Female: stimulates maturation of ovarian follicle and stimulates secretion of estrogen, triggers ovulation; stimulates development of corpus luteum; Male: stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to secrete testosterone
Posterior Pituitary
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Stimulates retention of water by the kidneys
- Oxytocin (OT): Stimulates uterine contractions at the end of pregnancy; stimulates the release of milk into the breast ducts
Hypothalamus
- Releasing hormones (RHs): Stimulate the anterior pituitary to release hormones
- Inhibiting hormones (IHs): Inhibit the anterior pituitary's secretion of hormones
Thyroid
- Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3): Stimulate the energy metabolism of all cells
- Calcitonin (CT): Inhibits the breakdown of bone; decrease blood calcium concentration
Parathyroid
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Stimulates the breakdown of bone; increase blood calcium concentration
Dysfunction
-
Anterior Pituitary
- Hypersecretion: hypersecretion by anterior pituitary
- Hyposecretion: hyposecretion by anterior pituitary
-
Thyroid
- Hypersecretion: hyperthyroidism, Graves disease
- Hyposecretion: hypothyroidism, cretinism (pre-adult); myxedema (adult); goiter
-
Parathyroid
- Hypersecretion: possible hypocalcemia
- Hyposecretion: possible hypercalcemia
-
Note: In some cases, signs of hyposecretion result from dysfunction of the target cell rather than from actual hyposecretion of a hormone. Posterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus but released from axon terminals in the posterior pituitary.
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