Podcast
Questions and Answers
What hormone is primarily responsible for the stimulation of milk secretion?
What hormone is primarily responsible for the stimulation of milk secretion?
Excess secretion of human growth hormone after the closure of growth plates leads to which condition?
Excess secretion of human growth hormone after the closure of growth plates leads to which condition?
Which hormone is involved in the regulation of plasma osmolarity?
Which hormone is involved in the regulation of plasma osmolarity?
Destruction of neurons in the hypothalamus may lead to which of the following conditions?
Destruction of neurons in the hypothalamus may lead to which of the following conditions?
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Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and plays a critical role in normal growth and metabolism?
Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and plays a critical role in normal growth and metabolism?
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What could stimulate the release of prolactin?
What could stimulate the release of prolactin?
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What condition is characterized by overproduction of ACTH?
What condition is characterized by overproduction of ACTH?
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Which of the following actions is primarily stimulated by Luteinizing hormone in females?
Which of the following actions is primarily stimulated by Luteinizing hormone in females?
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Which type of cells in the anterior pituitary produce Thyroid-stimulating hormone?
Which type of cells in the anterior pituitary produce Thyroid-stimulating hormone?
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What is a potential cause of SIADH?
What is a potential cause of SIADH?
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Study Notes
Pituitary Gland
- Pea-sized, bilobed gland located beneath the hypothalamus
- Divided into anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) lobes
- Anterior lobe originates from upper GI cells during development
- Posterior lobe derives from neural tissue
- Releases hormones regulating various body processes, including homeostasis, growth, reproduction, lactation, and thyroid hormone balance
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
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Human growth hormone (somatotropin):
- Secreted by somatotropin cells
- Accelerates body growth and exhibits insulin antagonistic effects
- Excess secretion leads to gigantism before epiphyseal growth plate closure, and acromegaly after closure
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Prolactin:
- Secreted by lactotropes
- Stimulates milk secretion and maternal behavior
- Inhibits ovulation
-
Luteinizing hormone (LH):
- Secreted by gonadotropes
- Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):
- Secreted by gonadotropes
- Stimulates ovarian follicle growth in females and spermatogenesis in males
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Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH):
- Secreted by corticotropes
- Stimulates adrenal cortex secretion and growth, leading to steroid production
- Overproduction leads to Cushing Syndrome
-
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH):
- Secreted by thyrotropes
- Stimulates thyroid secretion and growth
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b-Lipotropin:
- Secreted by corticotropes
- Precursor of endorphins
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
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Arginine vasopressin (AVP):
- Synthesized in supraoptic nuclei
- Promotes water retention and regulates plasma osmolarity
- Deficiency due to pituitary surgery, trauma, ischemia or malignancy causes Diabetes insipidus
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Oxytocin:
- Synthesized in paraventricular nuclei
- Causes milk ejection and uterine contraction
Anterior Pituitary Hormone Regulation
-
GH:
- Most abundant hormone in the anterior pituitary
- Stimulates growth of all body tissues and influences metabolism
- Release is stimulated by GH-releasing hormone, stress, sleep, hypoglycemia, fasting, estrogen, dopamine, and alpha-adrenergic agonists
- Release is inhibited by GH-inhibiting hormone, pregnancy, hyperglycemia, cortisol, and obesity
-
Prolactin:
- Release can be stimulated by stress, pregnancy, and certain drugs like metoclopramide, cimetidine, opioids, and methyldopa
-
ACTH:
- Regulates cortisol and androgens
- Release is stimulated by stress, hypoglycemia, trauma, low cortisol, alpha-agonists, and beta-antagonists
Posterior Pituitary Hormone Regulation
- AVP and oxytocin are stored in the posterior pituitary
- Destruction of neurons in or near the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei can lead to decreased AVP production, resulting in Diabetes insipidus
- Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) is characterized by dilutional hyponatremia due to excessive AVP, potentially caused by head injury, tumors, meningitis, or infections
- SIADH is particularly common in small cell lung cancer
- Urine specific gravity assessment is crucial in diagnosing these conditions
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Description
Test your knowledge on the pituitary gland, its structure, hormone production, and functions. This quiz covers both anterior and posterior lobes, including specific hormones like growth hormone and prolactin. Challenge yourself to understand the crucial role this gland plays in regulating body processes.
