Heart Rate Regulation and Cardiovascular System
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Questions and Answers

What type of receptors are sensitive to changes in O2, CO2, and lactic acid during exercise?

Chemoreceptors

How does the cardiac control centre respond to changes in blood pressure and stretch within the blood vessel walls during exercise?

By stimulating the sinoatrial node via the sympathetic nervous system, which increases heart rate

What happens to heart rate after exercise has stopped, and why?

Heart rate decreases, due to the reduction in thermoreceptors

What type of nervous system is involved in increasing heart rate during exercise?

<p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors are sensitive to changes in muscle and blood temperature, and help to regulate heart rate during recovery?

<p>Thermoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is heart rate regulation, and why is it important to know our resting heart rate (RHR) when exploring this topic?

<p>Heart rate regulation refers to the control of the rate at which our heart beats, and knowing our RHR is vital to accurately determine the impact of various factors on our heart rate. RHR is the heart's workload when the body is inactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do hormonal controls play in heart rate regulation, and how do they affect heart rate during anticipation of physical activity?

<p>Hormonal controls, such as adrenalin released by the adrenal glands, directly stimulate the sinoatrial node, increasing heart rate and stroke volume. This occurs during anticipation of physical activity, resulting in elevated heart rate even before physical activity begins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neural control in heart rate regulation during exercise, and how do proprioreceptors contribute to this process?

<p>During exercise, neural control stimulates the cardiac control centre, which is informed by proprioreceptors in the muscles, tendons, and joints, indicating an increase in movement. This results in an increase in heart rate and stroke volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average resting heart rate for an adult, and how is it typically measured?

<p>The average resting heart rate for an adult is around 60-100 beats per minute, and it is typically measured by taking a reading post-rest and when supine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a warm-up affect heart rate, and what is the underlying physiological mechanism responsible for this change?

<p>A warm-up increases heart rate due to the stimulation of the cardiac control centre by proprioreceptors in the muscles, tendons, and joints, indicating an increase in movement. This neural control mechanism prepares the heart for increased physical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the cardiac control centre during exercise, leading to an increase in heart rate?

<p>Increases in muscle and blood temperature, and venous return, and changes in blood viscosity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the parasympathetic nervous system control heart rate during exercise?

<p>It reduces heart rate by decreasing the stimulation of the sinoatrial node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors detect changes in blood pressure and affect heart rate?

<p>Baroreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hormonal control alter heart rate during exercise?

<p>Adrenaline, a hormone, is released, stimulating the heart to increase heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What intrinsic control mechanism helps to decrease heart rate after exercise?

<p>Thermoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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