Human Anatomy and Physiology I: Nervous Tissue

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Questions and Answers

What organ is housed within the pericardial cavity?

Heart (correct)

Lungs

Spleen

Liver

Which cavity contains the bladder and reproductive organs?

Pericardial cavity

Nasal cavity

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity (correct)

Which type of membrane secretes mucus and lines the urinary system?

Synovial membrane

Cutaneous membrane

Serous membrane

Mucous membrane (correct)

Which of the following is NOT one of the serous membranes mentioned?

Synovial membrane Signup and view all the answers

What term describes organs located behind the peritoneum?

Retroperitoneal Signup and view all the answers

Which body cavity is lined by the pleura?

Pleural cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which cavity is primarily for the passage of air into the respiratory tract?

Nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nervous tissue?

Transmits impulses for coordination and sensory reception Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is responsible for temperature regulation and immune function?

Integumentary System Signup and view all the answers

What correctly identifies the relationship of the diaphragm to the lungs?

Inferior Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Locomotion through muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which system plays a crucial role in locomotion and body heat production?

Muscular System Signup and view all the answers

What function is associated with the circulatory system?

Transportation of nutrients and waste Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the lymphatic system?

Returning extracellular fluid and housing immune cells Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT part of the muscular system?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a motor neuron?

To transmit signals to effector organs Signup and view all the answers

What role does Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) play at the neuromuscular junction?

It breaks down remaining acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What happens to actin and myosin during muscle contraction?

They overlap without changing length Signup and view all the answers

Which structure marks the gap between the neuron membrane and muscle membrane in a neuromuscular junction?

Synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

During excitation-contraction coupling, what does one single action potential cause?

One muscle twitch Signup and view all the answers

Where is AchE enzyme located for terminating muscle action potentials?

At the muscle cell membrane at the motor end plate Signup and view all the answers

What are actin and myosin classified as in muscle physiology?

Contractile proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the synaptic cleft during neurotransmission?

To provide a pathway for neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'anterior' refer to in human anatomy?

Towards the front of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the term 'medial'?

Closer to the center of the body Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, what does 'proximal' mean?

Closer to the point of attachment Signup and view all the answers

Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

Transverse plane Signup and view all the answers

What is distinctive about the sagittal plane?

It divides the body into right and left portions Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'superficial' refer to in human anatomy?

Towards the body surface Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes a cut made diagonally through the body?

Oblique plane Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'distal' indicate?

Farther from the origin of a body part Signup and view all the answers

What does the axial part of the human body consist of?

Head, neck, and trunk Signup and view all the answers

In which quadrant is the liver located?

Right upper quadrant Signup and view all the answers

Which region is located inferior to the umbilical region?

Hypogastric (pubic) region Signup and view all the answers

What does the cervical region consist of?

Head and neck Signup and view all the answers

Which region surrounds the nipples?

Mammary region Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the appendicular region?

Vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

The vertebral region is associated with which part of the body?

Area of the vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

In the abdominopelvic regions, where is the epigastric region located?

Superior to the umbilical region Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous Tissue

Transmits impulses for coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception.
Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Involves communication among cells in the body.

Organ System Level

Comprises groups of organs that work together for specific body functions.
The human body contains eleven organ systems.

Integumentary System

Organs include skin, hair, and nails.
Provides external support and protection, regulates temperature, and serves as a barrier for immune function.

Skeletal System

Comprises bones, cartilage, and joints.
Functions include internal support, protection of organs, a flexible framework for movement, blood cell formation, and mineral storage.

Muscular System

Consists of skeletal muscles and tendons.
Primarily responsible for locomotion, support, and heat production in the body.

Nervous System

Includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
Detects sensory information and coordinates responses by engaging other organ systems.

Endocrine System

Composed of hormone-secreting glands.
Regulates body processes through hormone secretion as signals to various body parts.

Circulatory System

Encompasses the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Responsible for transporting nutrients and waste products, and maintaining body temperature homeostasis.

Lymphatic and Immune System

Includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, bone marrow, and tonsils.
Returns extracellular fluid to blood, houses immune cells, offers protection against infection, and transports lymph and fats.

Anatomical Terminology

Anterior (Ventral): toward the front of the body.
Posterior (Dorsal): toward the back of the body.
Medial: toward the body’s longitudinal axis.
Lateral: away from the body’s longitudinal axis.
Proximal: closer to the origin of a body part.
Distal: farther from the origin of a body part.
Superficial: toward or at the body surface.
Deep: away from the body surface.

Body Planes

Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into right and left parts.
- Midsagittal: exact midline division.
- Parasagittal: offsets from the midline.
Frontal Plane (Coronal): divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
Transverse Plane (Horizontal): divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
Oblique Plane: cuts diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes.

Regions of the Human Body

Axial Part: main axis including head, neck, and trunk.
Appendicular Part: limbs and their attachments.

Thorax Region

Mammary: surrounds nipples.
Sternal: between mammary regions.
Axillary: area surrounding armpit.
Vertebral: area of the vertebral column.

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Right Upper Quadrant: contains liver.
Left Upper Quadrant: contains stomach and spleen.
Right Lower Quadrant: contains cecum and ascending colon.
Left Lower Quadrant: contains descending colon.

Abdominopelvic Regions

Umbilical: centermost region surrounding the navel.
Epigastric: superior to the umbilical region.
Hypogastric (pubic): inferior to the umbilical region.
Hypochondriac: lateral to the epigastric region.

Other Body Cavities

Nasal Cavity: for air passage into the respiratory tract.
Orbital Cavity: houses the eyes.
Middle Ear Cavity: contains ossicles.
Synovial Cavity: joint cavities filled with synovial fluid.

Body Membranes

Thin layers of connective and epithelial tissues covering and separating visceral organs.
- Mucous Membrane: secretes mucus, lining the esophagus and urinary system.
- Serous Membrane: secretes serous fluid, lining thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Serous Membranes

Meninges: line the dorsal body cavity.
Pleura: line pleural cavities around the lungs.
Pericardium: covers the heart.
Peritoneum: lines the abdominal cavity.

Motor Neuron

Controls effector organs, predominantly skeletal muscles, facilitating movement.

Components of the Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

Neuron membrane: communicates signals.
Sarcolemma: muscle membrane receiving signals.
Synaptic cleft: gap for chemical signal transmission.
Acetylcholine (Ach): neurotransmitter enabling muscle activation.

Sequence of Events at NMJ

Remaining Ach in the synaptic cleft is broken down by Acetylcholinesterase (AchE), terminating action potentials and muscle excitation.

Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction

Contractile proteins that overlap during contraction, maintaining their length while allowing muscle shortening.

Excitation-Contraction Coupling

The process where a muscle fiber’s action potential initiates contraction; each action potential results in a muscle twitch.

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Description

Explore the fundamental aspects of nervous tissue in the Human Anatomy and Physiology I course. This quiz covers the functions, locations, and characteristics of nervous tissue, emphasizing its role in body coordination and sensory reception.