A&P II - 11.3 Nervous Tissue Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is a sensory neuron?

A type of neuron that carries sensory information to the central nervous system.

What are interneurons?

Neurons that lie between sensory neurons and motor neurons.

What are motor neurons?

Neurons that carry instructions from the central nervous system to peripheral tissues.

What are anaxonic neurons?

<p>Neurons that lack distinguishing features for dendrites and axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are bipolar neurons?

<p>Neurons with two distinct processes: one dendrite and one axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unipolar neuron?

<p>A neuron where the dendrites and axon are continuous with the cell body to one side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are multipolar neurons?

<p>Neurons that have two or more dendrites and a single axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sensory receptors?

<p>Cells or processes monitored by sensory neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do interoceptors monitor?

<p>The internal state of the body, such as pressure and pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are proprioceptors?

<p>Receptors that monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are exteroceptors?

<p>Receptors that provide information about the external environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are afferent fibers?

<p>Axons that carry sensory information to the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a ganglion?

<p>A collection of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons are sensory neurons?

<p>Unipolar neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do somatic sensory neurons monitor?

<p>The outside world and our position within it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are visceral sensory neurons responsible for?

<p>Monitoring internal conditions and organ systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a somatic motor neuron?

<p>Neurons that innervate skeletal muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nerve?

<p>A bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do visceral motor neurons innervate?

<p>Peripheral effectors other than skeletal muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are autonomic ganglia?

<p>Collections of neuron cell bodies of visceral motor neurons in the PNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are efferent fibers?

<p>Axons that carry instructions from the CNS to peripheral tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Neuron Classifications

  • Neurons are classified based on structure and function: sensory, interneurons, and motor neurons.

Sensory Neuron

  • Sensory neurons are unipolar and their cell bodies reside in sensory ganglia within the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Interneurons

  • Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons, process sensory information, and support higher functions such as memory and learning.

Motor Neurons

  • Motor neurons are responsible for innervating skeletal muscles, providing conscious control, and can be classified as somatic or visceral motor neurons.

Anaxonic Neurons

  • Anaxonic neurons have indistinguishable processes, are small, and are primarily located in the brain and special sense organs. Their functions are not well understood.

Bipolar Neurons

  • Bipolar neurons feature two distinct processes with the cell body situated between them. They are rare and mainly found in special sense organs, relaying sensory information about sight, smell, and hearing.

Unipolar Neurons

  • Unipolar neurons have a continuous dendritic and axonal process with the cell body off to one side. They are commonly sensory neurons in the PNS, with axons that can extend over a meter.

Multipolar Neurons

  • Multipolar neurons possess multiple dendrites and a single axon, making them the most common type in the CNS. They include all motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles.

Sensory Receptors

  • Sensory receptors can be specialized cells or processes of sensory neurons, responsible for monitoring environmental changes.

Interoceptors

  • Interoceptors monitor internal organ systems and provide sensory feedback regarding distension, deep pressure, and pain.

Proprioceptors

  • Proprioceptors are specialized to monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints.

Exteroceptors

  • Exteroceptors gather information from the external environment, processing sensations such as touch, temperature, pressure, taste, smell, sight, equilibrium, and hearing.

Afferent Fibers

  • Afferent fibers are axons transporting sensory information to the central nervous system (CNS).

Ganglion

  • A ganglion refers to a group of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS within the PNS.

Somatic Sensory Neurons

  • Somatic sensory neurons are tasked with monitoring the external environment and the body’s position in it.

Visceral Sensory Neurons

  • Visceral sensory neurons focus on monitoring internal body conditions and organ systems.

Somatic Motor Neurons

  • Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscles, have their cell bodies in the CNS, and control muscle activity at the neuromuscular junctions.

Nerve

  • A nerve is a bundle of axons located within the PNS.

Visceral Motor Neurons

  • Visceral motor neurons control smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipose tissue, operating through a two-neuron system with the first in the CNS and the second in the PNS.

Autonomic Ganglia

  • Autonomic ganglia house the cell bodies of the visceral motor neurons that innervate peripheral effectors.

Efferent Fibers

  • Efferent fibers consist of axons that carry signals from the CNS to peripheral tissues, facilitating action responses.

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Description

Explore key terms and definitions related to nervous tissue in Anatomy and Physiology II. This quiz focuses on the classification of neurons based on their structure and function, helping you understand their roles in the nervous system.

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