Anatomy & Physiology Workbook: Chapter 3, Part 2

Questions and Answers

What does epithelium form?

Mucous membranes

Serous membranes

Epidermal membranes

All of the above (correct)

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Allows for organ movements within the body.

What is the role of nervous tissue?

Transmits electrochemical impulses.

What does connective tissue do?

Supports body organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of epithelial tissue concerning absorption?

Absorbs nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the major controlling system of the body?

Nervous tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What unique ability do muscle cells have?

They shorten to exert force. Signup and view all the answers

What roles does epithelium play in the body?

Forms hormones. Signup and view all the answers

What does connective tissue package and protect?

Body organs. Signup and view all the answers

What describes connective tissue's composition?

Large amounts of nonliving matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What functions can skeletal muscle perform?

Allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and shoot an arrow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most widely distributed tissue type in the body?

Connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What does nervous tissue form?

Brain and spinal cord. Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue lines the esophagus and forms the skin epidermis?

Stratified squamous. Signup and view all the answers

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

Lining of the stomach and small intestine. Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is best suited for areas subjected to friction?

Stratified squamous Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines much of the respiratory tract?

Pseudostratified columnar (ciliated). Signup and view all the answers

What does pseudostratified columnar epithelium do?

Propels substances across its surface. Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in the bladder lining?

Transitional. Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells?

Simple squamous. Signup and view all the answers

What do skeletal muscle fibers demonstrate?

Voluntary control. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscle types are involuntarily controlled?

Smooth Signup and view all the answers

Which types of muscle have a banded appearance?

A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle types have a single nucleus in each cell?

Smooth Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about skeletal muscle in terms of its cellular structure?

It is multinucleate. Signup and view all the answers

Where can skeletal muscle be found?

Attached to bones. Signup and view all the answers

What does skeletal muscle allow you to control?

Your eyeballs. Signup and view all the answers

Where is smooth muscle located?

Walls of stomach, uterus, and arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What shape are the cells in smooth muscle?

Spindle-shaped. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells does cardiac muscle contain?

Cylindrical cells with branching ends. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes skeletal muscle cells?

Long, nonbranching cylindrical cells. Signup and view all the answers

What distinctive feature do cardiac muscle cells display?

Intercalated discs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of skeletal muscle tissue?

Concerned with locomotion of the body as a whole. Signup and view all the answers

What does smooth muscle do as it contracts?

Changes the internal volume of an organ. Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiac muscle tissue primarily responsible for?

Tissue of the circulatory pump. Signup and view all the answers

What provides great strength in dense fibrous connective tissue?

Parallel bundles of collagenic fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What role does adipose connective tissue serve?

Acts as a storage depot for fat. Signup and view all the answers

What composes the majority of the dermis of the skin?

Dense fibrous connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osseous tissue?

Forms the bony skeleton. Signup and view all the answers

What does areolar connective tissue compose?

Lamina propria and packages organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of hyaline cartilage?

Forms the embryonic skeleton and surfaces of bones at joints. Signup and view all the answers

What provides insulation for the body in adipose tissue?

Fat storage. Signup and view all the answers

What does hyaline cartilage consist of?

Matrix with no specific shape, heavily invaded with fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What does osseous tissue contain regarding its cells?

Cells arranged concentrically around a nutrient canal. Signup and view all the answers

What forms the stroma of lymph nodes?

Reticular connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Tissues

Epithelium
- Forms mucous, serous, and epidermal membranes.
- Cells can absorb and/or secrete substances.
- Found in structures like the lining of the stomach and small intestine (simple columnar) and skin epidermis (stratified squamous).
- Often characterized by cell layering, such as pseudostratified columnar which lines the respiratory tract.
Muscle
- Allows for organ movements; involved in voluntary actions (e.g., skeletal muscle) and involuntary actions (e.g., cardiac and smooth muscle).
- Cells shorten to exert force, crucial for physical activities like smiling and swimming.
- Three types:
  - Skeletal muscle is multinucleate, voluntary, and found attached to bones.
  - Cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated, contains intercalated discs, and forms the heart tissue.
  - Smooth muscle is found in walls of organs like the stomach and arteries, involuntary, and consists of spindle-shaped cells.
Nervous Tissue
- Transmits electrochemical impulses, forming the basis of the body’s major controlling system.
- Composed of neurons and supportive cells, forming the brain and spinal cord.
Connective Tissue
- Supports and binds other tissues; characterized by a large nonliving matrix.
- Types include:
  - Dense fibrous connective tissue, which provides strength through parallel collagen fibers (found in tendons and the dermis).
  - Adipose connective tissue, acts as a fat storage depot and provides insulation.
  - Osseous tissue, which forms the bony skeleton and has a hard matrix due to calcium salts.
  - Hyaline cartilage, which forms the embryonic skeleton and reinforces structures such as the trachea.
  - Reticular connective tissue, which forms the internal structure of lymphoid organs like lymph nodes and the spleen.

Specific Tissue Characteristics

Cardiac Muscle
- Displays cylindrical cells with branching ends and possesses intercalated discs.
- Responsible for the pumping action of the circulatory system.
Skeletal Muscle
- Contains long, non-branching cylindrical cells, voluntarily controlled, and is essential for locomotion of the body.
Smooth Muscle
- Contains spindle-shaped cells, changes the internal volume of organs during contraction, involuntarily controlled.
Epithelial Variants
- Stratified squamous: Best suited for areas subjected to friction, like the esophagus.
- Simple squamous: Forms thin serous membranes, consisting of a single layer of flattened cells.

Functional Roles

Epithelium forms protective barriers and aids in secretion.
Muscle tissue enables dynamic movement and force application.
Nervous tissue coordinates activity through electrochemical signaling.
Connective tissue provides structural support, protection, and nourishment for various organs.

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Test your knowledge on key terms related to epithelium, muscle, nervous, and connective tissues. This quiz includes flashcards for essential definitions found in Chapter 3 of the Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of tissue types.