Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
Which of the following anatomical regions is NOT part of the axial areas?
What is the term for a disturbance in homeostasis that results in disease or death?
What is the direction that is towards the belly?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following muscles helps with inhalation and exhalation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between the heart and the lungs in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What anatomical plane cuts the body vertically into posterior and anterior portions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the cavity that contains the vertebral column, intervertebral discs, ligaments, spinal cord, and spinal nerve roots?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the cavity that is bounded laterally by the body wall and inferiorly by the pelvic cavity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for 'nearer to the trunk of the body'?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Human Anatomy and Physiology
Systems of the Body
- Integumentary system: skin
- Endocrine system: hormones
- Lymphatic system: immune system
- Urinary system: waste removal
- Homeostasis: maintenance system to keep stable conditions within the body
Homeostasis
- Negative feedback mechanism: reverses or negates any potentially detrimental changes to the body by reverting to a normal value
- Positive feedback mechanism: reinforces or promotes changes from previous state to an optimal state
- Homeostatic imbalance: a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in diseases or death
Anatomical Language
Axial Areas
- Cephalic: head
- Cranial: skull
- Facial: face
- Vertebral: spinal column
- Umbilical: navel (belly button)
- Thoracic: chest
- Lumbar: lower back
- Sacral: sacrum (located at the base of the pelvis)
Appendicular Areas
Upper Limb
- Acromial: acromion of the shoulder (bump of the shoulder)
- Antebrachial: forearm
- Axillary: armpit
- Brachial: arm
- Carpal: wrist
- Cubital: elbow
- Dorsum of the hand: back of the hand
- Palmar: palm of the hand
- Scapular: scapula
Lower Limb
- Calcaneal: heel
- Coxal: hip
- Crucal: leg
- Dorsum of foot: top of the foot
- Femoral: thigh
- Gluteal: buttocks
- Patellar: front of the knee
- Plantar: sole of the foot
- Popliteal: back of the knee
- Tarsal: ankle
Anatomical Directions
- Anterior: front
- Ventral: towards the belly
- Posterior: back
- Dorsal: towards the back
- Superior: on top, above
- Cephalic/cranial: towards the head
- Inferior: below, underneath
- Caudal: towards the tail
- Lateral: away from the midline, towards the side
- Medial: towards the midline
- Proximal: nearer to the trunk of the body
- Distal: furthest from the trunk of the body
- Deep: away from the body surface
- Superficial: closer to the external surface
Anatomical Planes
- Axial: cuts the body horizontally into superior and inferior portions
- Coronal: cuts the body vertically into posterior and anterior portions
- Sagittal: cuts the body vertically in the midline of the body into left and right portions
Major Body Cavities
Dorsal Cavity
- Consists of two smaller cavities: cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
- Cranial cavity: superior portion, bounded by the skull, consists of brain and meninges
- Vertebral cavity: inferior portion, known as spinal cavity, consists of vertebral column, intervertebral discs, ligaments, spinal cord, and spinal nerve roots
Thoracic Cavity
- Bounded laterally by the ribs and inferiorly by the diaphragm
- Consists of mediastinum, pericardial, and pleural cavities
Abdominal Cavity
- A large cavity found inferior to the diaphragm
- Contains the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, kidneys, and adrenal glands
- Bound laterally by the body wall and inferiorly by the pelvic cavity
Pelvic Cavity
- Inferior to the brim of the pelvis
- Contains the urinary bladder, internal genitalia, sigmoid colon, and rectum
- Bound superiorly by the abdominal cavity, posteriorly by the sacrum, and laterally by the pelvis
Regions of the Abdomen
- Quadrants of the abdomen (right upper, right lower, left upper, left lower)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of human body systems, including the integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic, and urinary systems, as well as homeostasis and feedback mechanisms.
