116 Questions
Which type of movement involves moving the bone around its longitudinal axis?
Rotational movement
What is the action of rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned up or forward?
Supination
What type of movement involves a bone moving toward the midline of the body?
Adduction
Which type of movement involves relatively flat bone surfaces moving past each other?
Gliding movement
What movement brings the thumb into contact with the fingers of the same hand?
Opposition
Which movement turns the palm of the hand upward or forward?
Supination
What is the movement that lifts the heel and points the toes downward?
Plantarflexion
Which movement moves the top of the foot toward the leg at the ankle joint?
Dorsiflexion
What type of movement occurs when a bone moves away from the midline of the body?
Abduction
Which movement involves straightening a limb after flexion?
Extension
What is the opposite of protraction?
Retraction
What type of movement is elevation?
Movement of a bone upward
Involving the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction motions, which movement is being described?
Circumduction
Which type of movement results in straightening a limb after flexion?
Hyperextension
What kind of motion occurs when the angle between the bones decreases?
Flexion
What movement involves moving a bone toward the midline of the body?
Adduction
Which type of movement results in moving a limb in a circular motion?
Circumduction
Which special movement involves moving the soles of the feet inward, toward the midline of the body?
Inversion
What occurs when a bone moves away from the midline of the body?
Abduction
What type of motion is turning of the head side to side or twisting of the body?
Rotation
What is the key structural characteristic of a synovial joint that is not seen at fibrous or cartilaginous joints?
Presence of joint cavity
What covers the articulating surfaces of bones in a synovial joint?
Articular cartilage
What supports the synovial joint by holding the bones together and resisting excess or abnormal joint motions?
Ligaments
What forms the walls of the joint cavity in a synovial joint?
Articular capsule
What is the most common cause of hip disability?
Erosion and loss of articular cartilage
What system of the body malfunctions in rheumatoid arthritis and what does this cause?
Immune system; inflammation
What causes joint stiffness and pain?
Erosion and loss of articular cartilage
What is the function of a bursa in a bone joint?
To allow for smooth movement of skin over the bone
Where is the trochanteric bursa located?
At the lateral hip
What is the function of a tendon sheath?
To allow for smooth motion of tendons during muscle contraction
What is bursitis?
Inflammation of a bursa near a joint
Which joint allows for movements in a variety of ways due to its unique structure?
Ball-and-socket joint
What might be a cause of chronic bursitis?
All of the above
Where is subacromial bursitis commonly associated with inflammation?
Shoulder
What is a synovial joint that allows for only back-and-forth movement along a single plane called?
Hinge joint
Where does olecranon bursitis occur?
Elbow region
Which type of movement involves moving a limb in a circular motion?
Circumduction
What type of motion does turning of the head side to side or twisting of the body represent?
Rotation
Which type of joint allows for limited gliding movements between bones?
Plane joint
What type of joint is the articulation between the trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone at the base of the thumb?
Saddle joint
Where is the primary example of a saddle joint in the human body?
First carpometacarpal joint
Which type of joint allows for rotation around an axis, such as between the first and second cervical vertebrae?
Pivot joint
What type of joint is the hip and shoulder joints?
Ball-and-socket joint
In which type of joint does one bone rotate within a ring formed partially by articulation with another bone and partially by a ligament?
Pivot joint
Where is the radiocarpal joint located in the human body?
Wrist
At which joint does forearm rotation occur?
Proximal radioulnar joint
Which movement is allowed by condyloid joints?
Bending and straightening of fingers
In which type of movement does one bone move toward the midline of the body?
Adduction
What type of joint allows only for bending and straightening motions along a single axis?
Hinge joint
Which type of joint allows for multiple movements, including rotation, and can be functionally classified as a multiaxial joint?
Plane joint
What type of joint has the rounded head of one bone fitting into the concave articulation of the adjacent bone?
Ball-and-socket joint
At which joint does the head of the femur articulate with the acetabulum of the hip bone?
Hip joint
What are the only ball-and-socket joints of the body?
Hip joint and shoulder joint
Which type of synovial joint allows the femur and humerus to move in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions and also rotate around their long axis?
Ball-and-socket joint
What is the most common type of arthritis associated with aging and 'wear and tear' of the articular cartilage?
Osteoarthritis
What risk factor may lead to osteoarthritis later in life?
Involvement in jobs with physical labor
What occurs as the articular cartilage layer wears down?
More pressure on the bones
What type of movement is turning of the head side to side or twisting of the body?
Rotation
Which type of movement brings the thumb into contact with the fingers of the same hand?
Opposition
What is the opposite of protraction?
Retraction
What prevents friction between the bones at a synovial joint?
Articular cartilage
What is the function of synovial fluid in a joint?
Reduces friction between bones
Which structure located outside of a synovial joint serves to prevent friction between the bones and the overlying muscle tendons or skin?
Bursa
What type of joint allows for the freedom of joint movement and is functionally classified as a diarthrosis?
Synovial joint
Which structure located between the articulating bones provides shock absorption and cushioning in the knee joint?
Meniscus
What serves as a 'dynamic ligament' to resist forces and support the joint during increased forces acting on a joint?
Muscle tendon
Which type of ligament is located outside of the articular capsule of a synovial joint?
Extrinsic ligament
What is the dense connective tissue structure that attaches a muscle to bone?
Tendon
What additional support is provided by muscles and their tendons across a synovial joint?
Supporting movement at the joint
What are bursae classified by?
Their location
What strengthens and supports a synovial joint by anchoring the bones together and preventing their separation?
Ligaments
What is the result of the bone tissue underlying the damaged articular cartilage thickening?
It causes the articulating surface of the bone to become rough or bumpy
How does osteoarthritis affect joint movement?
It causes pain and inflammation
What can alleviate the symptoms of osteoarthritis in its early stages?
Mild activity that 'warms up' the joint
What is a treatment option for severe cases of osteoarthritis?
Joint replacement surgery
What is the cause of gout, a form of arthritis?
Deposition of uric acid crystals within a body joint
What has been implicated in raising the chances of a susceptible individual developing gout?
Excessive fructose in the diet
What produces arthritis in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis?
Attack by the immune system on body joints
Which type of arthritis is associated with the immune system attacking body joints?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What are treatments aimed at for rheumatoid arthritis due to its lack of known cure?
Alleviating symptoms
What type of surgery involves replacing the articular surfaces of the bones with artificial components?
Arthroplasty
What part of the hip joint is reshaped and fitted with a replacement socket in hip arthroplasty?
The acetabulum of the pelvis
What type of motion results from aging or prolonged joint wear and tear?
Wear-and-tear motion
Which type of movement involves anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs?
Flexion and extension
What type of joint is formed between the inferior articular processes of one vertebra and the superior articular processes of the next lower vertebra?
Plane joint
In the limbs, which movement decreases the angle between the bones?
Flexion
For the upper limb, what are all anterior motions referred to as?
Flexion
During which movement does the glenoid cavity move upward as the medial end of the scapular spine moves downward?
Superior rotation
Which movement of the scapula is required for full abduction of the upper limb?
Superior rotation
What joint allows rotational movement and is an example of a pivot joint?
Sternoclavicular joint
What type of joint allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements?
Ball-and-socket joint
Which thumb movement brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger?
Opposition
What type of movement involves raising the arm at the shoulder joint, moving it laterally away from the body?
Abduction
Which movement brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body?
Adduction
What is the term for the movement of a body region in a circular manner, involving sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction at a joint?
Circumduction
In which type of joint does one bone rotate in relation to another bone?
Pivot joint
What is the term for the abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion?
Hyperextension
Where does hyperextension injury commonly occur?
Hinge joints
What is the term for the bending of the knee to bring the foot toward the posterior thigh?
Flexion
Which type of movement involves moving any posterior-going motion of the thigh?
Extension
Which type of joint allows for abduction and adduction motions within the coronal plane?
Condyloid joint
Which movement involves bringing the fingers or toes together?
Adduction
What is the term for moving a limb in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle?
Circumduction
Where can rotation occur within the human body?
Within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint
Which type of joint allows for inversion and eversion movements?
Pivot joint
What movement involves turning the bottom of the foot away from the midline?
Eversion
What is the opposite motion to dorsiflexion at the ankle joint?
Plantar flexion
Which movement involves moving the forearm from the supinated to the pronated position?
Pronation
When does protraction occur for the mandible?
When sticking out the chin
Where does depression occur in terms of shoulder movements?
When elevating the scapula
What involves side-to-side movement of the mandible?
Excursion
Which movement brings the top of the foot toward the leg at the ankle joint?
Dorsiflexion
What type of movement is elevation?
Upward movement
Which movement brings the thumb into contact with the fingers of the same hand?
Opposition
Which type of joint allows for protraction and retraction movements?
Hinge joint
What movement occurs when one bone moves toward the midline of the body?
Adduction
Study Notes
Joint Movements
- Rotational movement involves moving the bone around its longitudinal axis.
- Supination involves rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned up or forward.
- Adduction is a type of movement that involves moving a bone toward the midline of the body.
- Gliding movements involve relatively flat bone surfaces moving past each other.
- Opposition brings the thumb into contact with the fingers of the same hand.
- Pronation turns the palm of the hand downward or backward.
- Plantarflexion lifts the heel and points the toes downward.
- Dorsiflexion moves the top of the foot toward the leg at the ankle joint.
- Abduction involves moving a bone away from the midline of the body.
- Extension involves straightening a limb after flexion.
- Retraction is the opposite of protraction.
- Elevation is a type of movement that involves moving a bone upward.
Joints
- Synovial joints have a space between the bones that is filled with synovial fluid.
- Articular cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of bones in a synovial joint.
- Ligaments support the synovial joint by holding the bones together and resisting excess or abnormal joint motions.
- The joint cavity in a synovial joint is formed by the articular capsule.
- Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between the bones and the overlying muscle tendons or skin.
- Tendon sheaths serve to reduce friction between the tendons and the surrounding tissue.
Types of Joints
- Hinge joints allow for movement in one plane only.
- Pivot joints allow for rotational movement around a single axis.
- Condyloid joints allow for bending and straightening motions along multiple axes.
- Saddle joints allow for limited gliding movements between bones.
- Ball-and-socket joints allow for multiple movements, including rotation, and can be functionally classified as multiaxial joints.
Arthritis
- Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis associated with aging and 'wear and tear' of the articular cartilage.
- Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes joint stiffness and pain.
- Bursitis is inflammation of the bursae.
- Gout is a form of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints.
Surgery and Treatment
- Joint replacement surgery involves replacing the articular surfaces of the bones with artificial components.
- Hip arthroplasty involves reshaping and fitting a replacement socket in the hip joint.
- Alleviating symptoms of osteoarthritis in its early stages involves maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and using pain relief medications.
- Severe cases of osteoarthritis may require joint replacement surgery.
Test your knowledge of human anatomy and movement with this quiz covering gliding, angular, and rotational movements of the bones in the body.
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