Human Anatomy: Bone Structure and Movement

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Questions and Answers

What forms the external layer of bones in the body?

Cancellous bone

Marrow

Trabeculae

Compact bone (correct)

What is the function of the medullary cavity within a bone?

To provide structural support

To facilitate bone growth

To store marrow (correct)

To hold blood vessels

In which type of bone does the epiphyseal line occur?

Irregular bones

Short bones

Long bones (correct)

Flat bones

Which of the following classifications describes bones that are found within tendons?

Sesamoids Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is characterized by being relatively small and thick?

Short bones Signup and view all the answers

What are trabeculae?

Beams in cancellous bone Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes flat bones?

They are plate-like and oddly shaped. Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily stored in the marrow found in the medullary cavity?

Fat and stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rotation of the hand and forearm resulting in a palm-up position?

Supination Signup and view all the answers

Which movement describes turning the sole of the foot inward?

Inversion Signup and view all the answers

What results from retraction of the shoulder girdle?

Narrowing of the shoulders Signup and view all the answers

Which term defines the movement that results in an increase of the joint angle in the sagittal plane?

Extension Signup and view all the answers

What movement is associated with the shoulder girdle moving away from the midline of the body?

Protraction Signup and view all the answers

What describes the movement of the wrist in radial deviation?

Abduction of the wrist Signup and view all the answers

What is dorsiflexion of the ankle?

Flexing the foot forward Signup and view all the answers

Which action would be classified as eversion of the foot?

Turning the sole of the foot outward Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical position characterized by?

Standing upright with legs together and palms facing forwards Signup and view all the answers

Which plane divides the body into left and right sections?

Sagittal plane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements would primarily occur in the coronal plane?

Lateral arm raises Signup and view all the answers

What type of movements are mainly associated with the transverse plane?

Rotational movements Signup and view all the answers

Which action is an example of a movement in the sagittal plane?

Long jumping Signup and view all the answers

How does the coronal plane differ from the sagittal plane?

It divides the body into front and back Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between anatomical planes and physical activities?

Movement in sports often combines movements from different planes Signup and view all the answers

Which movements are associated with the coronal plane?

Abduction and adduction Signup and view all the answers

What determines the function of a muscle based on its structure?

The arrangement of its fascicles Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the arrangement of fascicles in skeletal muscles?

They are typically arranged in parallel. Signup and view all the answers

What proteins are primarily involved in muscle contraction?

Myosin and actin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is activated by the autonomic nervous system and is involuntary?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

How does cardiac muscle contraction differ from that of skeletal muscle?

It is governed by the sinoatrial node. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fascicles arranged as a network in muscle tissue?

Supporting organs and soft tissues Signup and view all the answers

During muscle contraction, what happens to the myofilaments?

They interlock and cause muscle shortening. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type is primarily responsible for voluntary movements?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a leap in locomotor movements?

To spring on one foot and land on the other foot. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes non-locomotor skills?

Movements performed by certain parts of the body in a stationary position. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes uneven rhythm in locomotor movements?

Executing actions at varying tempos with differences in timing. Signup and view all the answers

How is skipping defined as a locomotor movement?

A step and hop executed with the same foot in one count. Signup and view all the answers

Which locomotor movement involves a momentary suspension of the body in the air?

Run Signup and view all the answers

What does the movement 'galloping' represent in locomotor movements?

A variation in timing occurring during movement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action performed during a hop?

Springing on one foot and landing on the same foot. Signup and view all the answers

Which locomotor movement is characterized by a sequence of steps taken in all directions?

Walk Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of circular muscles in the body?

Opening and closing entrances in the body Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue primarily enables movement through the skeleton?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

How many skeletal muscles are typically found in the body?

600 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements is associated with knee flexion?

Bending the leg at the knee joint Signup and view all the answers

What function do muscles serve in terms of body posture?

Maintaining good posture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is involved in wrist extension?

Extensor musculature Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of muscle contraction on body heat?

It generates body heat. Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is characterized by moving a limb towards the body's midline?

Adduction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intended Learning Outcomes

Comprehend the sciences related to human movement.
Relate body parts to good posture, lifting, and alignment.
Describe the functions and structure of bones, muscles, and the skeletal system.
Demonstrate proper body movements.

Introduction

Specific skills are basic human movements, starting at conception and continuing until death.
Infant movements include flexing, stretching limbs, rooting, sucking, and tonic neck reflexes.
Throughout childhood, children develop more complex movements, including balance, muscle strength, coordination, and endurance.
In adulthood, movements become more accurate and precise for daily life activities.

Sports Biomechanics focuses on reducing injury risk and improving performance in human movement.
Exercise Physiology studies the internal systems and how they respond to exercise.
Sports Psychology studies human behavior related to sports and exercise.
Anatomy studies the structure of organisms and their movement mechanisms.
Epidemiology studies the factors impacting health and disease.

Physical, Nutritional, Hydration, and Rest Factors

Body composition, injuries, and rest hinder movement.
Obesity and injuries make movement difficult.
Healthy people have more control over their movements.
Proper nutrition and rest improve strength and overall performance.

Parts of the Body

All parts of the body work together for optimal movement.
Injuries or weaknesses in one part affect the entire system.
Understanding each part's function and how they interact is vital for understanding movement.

Background Knowledge of the Basic Parts of the Body

The body is divided into four parts: head, trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities.
Each part performs specific functions enabling movement.
Understanding body structure and their functions is essential for proper posture and movement.

Factors Influencing Bone Health

Heredity influences bone density.
Proper nutrition is required for bone health, especially calcium.
Hormonal status, particularly estrogen, affect bone mass density, particularly in females.
Exercise and activity level are important factors for bone development, especially during childhood and adolescence.

Muscular System

The muscular system is responsible for all movement in the body, from small twitches to complex coordinated efforts like breathing.
Muscles are categorized as involuntary and voluntary muscles depending on how they are controlled.
There are approximately 700 muscles in the human body and each plays a role in movement.
Muscle types include skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle which exhibit differences in structure, composition, and function.

Types of Muscular Contraction

Isometric: Muscle tension without movement of the body part.
Concentric: Muscle shortens to produce movement.
Eccentric: Muscle lengthens under tension.

The Circulatory System

The heart, blood vessels, and blood transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
Blood circulation is a specific process involving the right and left ventricles and auricles of the heart and lungs.
Blood vessels carry blood and its components to and from every part of the body.

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system consists of organs like lungs and other air passages, responsible for intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide.
The respiratory system has essential functions for life.

The Nervous System

The nervous system controls every action in the body.
Neurons transmit impulses, sending and receiving messages to and from the brain.
The nervous system is essential for all bodily functions, including controlling body temperature.

The Excretory System

The excretory system removes excess metabolic wastes and fluids.
Organs in this system include the lungs, skin, kidneys, liver, and other organs.

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate various body functions including growth and development and reproduction.
Glands of the endocrine system are the major players in this role.

The Digestive System

The digestive system converts food into energy and nutrients.
The digestive system encompasses all the main organs working together for this function.

Common Terms in Anatomical Structure

Terms and locations of specific parts of the body are described.

Anatomy of Joints and Movements

Different types of joints with their respective movements are emphasized.

Three Planes of Human Anatomy

The frontal/coronal, sagittal/midsagittal, and transverse/horizontal planes are explained.

Three Axes of Rotation

The planes of movement relating to rotational axes are explained.

Fundamental Motor Skills

Categorization of movement skills, especially locomotor and axial movements.

Manipulative Skills

Skills that involve using objects to create impact or receive it are explained.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structure of bones and the various movements associated with human anatomy. This quiz covers topics such as bone types, functions of bone cavities, and specific joint movements. Perfect for students in anatomy courses or those looking to refresh their understanding of skeletal anatomy.