Human Anatomy and Hormones Quiz

<p>Rapid fall of progesterone levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulating growth of uterus and breasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progesterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteomalacia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improper mineralization of bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through enhancing immune system and reducing inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carotenoids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They protect against light damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supporting growth and immune function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reducing inflammation and preventing arterial blockages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their defined chemical structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lanosterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lower cholesterol levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are excluded from body accumulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The source of derivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta-sitosterol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-tumor properties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate blood glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol (A), Aldosterone (C), Testosterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Androgen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenal glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triterpenes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Responsible for the luteal phase changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estradiol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholecalciferol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating calcium and phosphorous homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>D3-25-hydroxylase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is converted to ergocalciferol when UV irradiated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of UV exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It undergoes hydroxylation to become calcitriol. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A 40-carbon polyene chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lutein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Certain carotenoids can produce vitamin A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lycopene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide provitamin A and act as antioxidants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lutein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bolster visual acuity in the retina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of hormones associated with reproductive functions.

C18 steroids with a phenolic function at C-3 and an oxygenated function at C-17.

C21 steroids with an en-4-one-3 group and a ketone function at C-20.

C19 steroids, major one is testosterone.

Stimulates sperm production, sex drive, and male secondary sexual characteristics.

Promotes follicular growth, female characteristics, uterine & breast growth, and epiphyseal closure.

Prepares uterus for implantation, gestation role, & breast development.

Estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary.

A steroid hormone precursor, directly produced from cholesterol.

A progestin produced from pregnenolone, related to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and mammary gland development.

A mineralocorticoid produced in the adrenal cortex. It increases blood pressure and sodium uptake.

An androgen (male sex hormone) produced in the testes, linked to secondary sex characteristics.

An estrogen, produced in the ovary, responsible for female secondary sex characteristics.

A glucocorticoid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex, vital for stress response and immune system.

A crucial sterol in vertebrate tissues, present in high concentrations in adrenal glands, nervous tissue, and liver.

A type of lipid that forms an important group of steroids, resistant to saponification, and found in animal and plant tissues.

The vertebrate brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ, containing roughly 25% of the total free cholesterol in the body.

A precursor for cholesterol synthesis, also found in wool fat (lanoline).

Found in animal tissues, converted to vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) by UV irradiation.

Sterols found in plants, typically with 28-30 carbon atoms and double bonds, derived from cycloartenol or lanosterol.

Examples of phytosterols found in plants, with β-sitosterol used for steroid synthesis.

A C28 phytosterol found in yeast and ergot, converted to vitamin D2 (calciferol) by irradiation.

Phytosterols are excluded from the body, while cholesterol is absorbed. Simultaneous intestinal absorption and biliary excretion of phytosterols.

Phytosterols have various biological activities, including cholesterol-lowering and anti-tumor properties.

A steroid hormone crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body, synthesized in skin upon UV exposure.

The active form of vitamin D, also known as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, responsible for directly regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.

Forms by UV irradiation of ergosterol in plants, converted to calcitriol in the body.

Formed in the skin by UV exposure of 7-dehydrocholesterol, converted to calcitriol in the body.

The major circulating form of vitamin D in the body, produced in the liver from vitamin D2 or D3.

The active form of vitamin D, produced in the kidneys from 25OHD3, responsible for calcium and phosphorus regulation.

A condition called rickets, characterized by poorly mineralized bones during growth, leading to soft bones.

A condition called osteomalacia, characterized by demineralization of already formed bone, resulting in softer bones and a higher risk of fractures.

A class of pigments essential for photosynthesis in plants and algae, also serving as antioxidants and a source of vitamin A in animals.

Carotenoids that can be converted into vitamin A, a vital nutrient for growth, immune function, and eye health.

Carotenoids can reduce inflammation, potentially improving cardiovascular health and protecting against heart disease.

Carotenoids act as antioxidants, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals, which can contribute to cancer.

Carotenoids are responsible for the vibrant red, orange, and yellow colors in plants, fruits, flowers, and some animals.

Over 600 different carotenoids exist in nature, with more being discovered all the time.

Pigments found in plants and animals, responsible for their vibrant colors, with roles in vision and antioxidant protection.

Hydrocarbon carotenoids, meaning they are made only of carbon and hydrogen.

Oxygenated carotenoids, meaning they contain oxygen atoms in their structure.

Carotenoids that can be converted to vitamin A in the body, essential for vision, growth, and immune function.

The principal carotenoid in carrots, an important source of provitamin A.

A xanthophyll found in marigold petals and leafy greens, an antioxidant in the eyes.

A hydrocarbon carotenoid that gives tomatoes their red color, a potent antioxidant.

A xanthophyll found in salmon, shrimp, and seafood, a powerful antioxidant with many health benefits.