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Questions and Answers
Which percentage of total plasma testosterone is bound to albumin in males?
What percentage of total plasma testosterone is biologically active in males?
Which hormone is important in sex differentiation?
Where is the majority of 17-ketosteroid conjugates excreted?
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Which protein binds 58% of total plasma testosterone in males?
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Which of the following is required for the enlargement of the prostate?
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Into what is testosterone oxidized in the liver?
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Which hormone affects male sexual behavior?
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Study Notes
Function of Testicular Hormones
- Testicular hormones play a crucial role in spermatogenesis, development of secondary sexual characters, and male sexual behavior.
- DHT is essential for the enlargement of prostate and external genitalia.
- Testicular hormones also have anabolic effects and are important for sex differentiation, with AMH being a key hormone in this process.
Transport of Testosterone
- Testosterone is synthesized in the testes and secreted into the blood circulation immediately, with no storage.
- In females, testosterone is produced in small amounts by the ovary.
- In the blood circulation, testosterone is present in two forms:
- Unbound (free) testosterone, which is the biologically active fraction, making up about 2% of total plasma testosterone in males and 1% in females.
- Bound testosterone, which is the biologically inactive and reservoir fraction, bound to two proteins:
- Albumin, which binds 40% of total plasma testosterone in males and 20% in females.
- Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which binds 58% of total plasma testosterone in males and 79% in females.
Metabolism of Testosterone
- Testosterone is metabolized through two pathways:
- In the liver, testosterone is oxidized to 17-ketosteroid, followed by conjugation with glucuronate or sulphate, forming 17-ketosteroid 3-glucuronate or sulphate, which is then excreted through the bile duct and majority is reabsorbed by enterohepatic circulation, with final excretion mainly through urine and to a lesser extent through feces and skin.
- Peripheral conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2), which is then metabolized through the estrogen metabolic pathway.
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Description
This quiz covers the functions of testicular hormones, including spermatogenesis, secondary sexual characters, and anabolic effects. It also discusses the transport of testosterone in males and females.
