HTML Basics and JavaScript Programming

Definition: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web pages.
Structure:
- Elements: Building blocks of HTML (e.g., <div>, <p>, <a>).
- Tags: Used to create elements (e.g., <h1>, <ul>).
- Attributes: Provide additional information about elements (e.g., src, href).
Document Structure:
- <!DOCTYPE html>: Declares the document type.
- <html>: Root element.
- <head>: Contains meta-information (e.g., <title>, <meta>).
- <body>: Contains the content of the web page.

Definition: JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic programming language used to create interactive effects within web browsers.
Data Types:
- Primitive: String, Number, Boolean, Null, Undefined, Symbol, BigInt.
- Objects: Key-value pairs, can be complex data structures.
Functions:
- Declaration: function myFunction() { ... }
- Arrow Functions: const myFunction = () => { ... }
DOM Manipulation:
- Accessing elements: document.getElementById(), document.querySelector().
- Event handling: element.addEventListener('event', function).

Definition: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style the layout of web pages.
Selectors:
- Element: div, p, a.
- Class: .className.
- ID: #idName.
Box Model:
- Content: Actual content of the box.
- Padding: Space between content and border.
- Border: Surrounds the padding.
- Margin: Space outside the border.
Positioning:
- Static, relative, absolute, fixed, sticky.

Definition: An approach to web design that makes web pages render well on a variety of devices and window sizes.
Techniques:
- Fluid grids: Use percentages instead of fixed units.
- Flexible images: Set max-width to 100%.
- Media queries: Apply styles based on device characteristics (@media rules).
Mobile First: Design for mobile devices first, then scale up for larger screens.

Definition: Libraries and frameworks that provide pre-written code to streamline front-end development.
Popular Frameworks:
- React: Component-based, declarative syntax, maintained by Facebook.
- Vue.js: Progressive framework, easy to integrate, focuses on view layers.
- Angular: Comprehensive framework by Google for building single-page applications.
Benefits:
- Faster development, reusable components, community support, built-in functionalities (routing, state management).

These study notes provide a concise overview of front-end development, highlighting essential concepts and tools for each subtopic.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for creating web pages.
Elements are the building blocks of HTML, including tags like <div>, <p>, and <a>.
Tags create elements, while attributes provide additional information (e.g., src for image sources, href for links).
Document structure starts with <!DOCTYPE html> to declare the document type, followed by <html> as the root element.
The <head> section contains meta-information such as character sets and title, while <body> contains the main content displayed on the page.

JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic programming language essential for adding interactive effects to web pages.
Data types include primitive types like String, Number, Boolean, Null, Undefined, Symbol, and BigInt.
Objects in JavaScript are key-value pairs and can represent complex data structures.
Functions can be declared using the traditional method function myFunction() {...} or as arrow functions const myFunction = () => {...}.
DOM manipulation involves accessing elements using methods like document.getElementById() and document.querySelector(), and handling events with element.addEventListener('event', function).

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is utilized for styling the layout of web pages.
Selectors include element selectors (e.g., div, p, a), class selectors (e.g., .className), and ID selectors (e.g., #idName).
The box model describes how elements are structured: content is the actual box content, padding is space inside the border, borders surround the padding, and margins are space outside the border.
Positioning options include static, relative, absolute, fixed, and sticky for controlling layout behavior.

Responsive design adapts web pages to render effectively across a variety of devices and screen sizes.
Techniques for responsive design include using fluid grids, which employ percentages instead of fixed units for scalable layouts.
Flexible images are defined with max-width: 100% to ensure they scale appropriately with the screen size.
Media queries (@media rules) enable the application of specific styles based on the characteristics of the device.
Mobile-first design emphasizes building for mobile devices before scaling up for larger screens.

Front-end frameworks provide libraries and pre-written code to enhance and accelerate front-end development.
Popular frameworks include:
- React: Component-based structure with declarative syntax, maintained by Facebook.
- Vue.js: A progressive framework that can be integrated easily, focuses primarily on the view layer.
- Angular: A comprehensive framework from Google designed for building single-page applications.
Benefits of using frameworks include accelerated development speed, reusable components, strong community support, and built-in functionalities such as routing and state management.