summer notes quiz

YouTube Page Structure

• The YouTube page consists of several components, including a video player, video details, and related videos.
• The video player is wrapped in a container with a background image from the video.
• The video details section contains a thumbnail, video title, and video metadata.

Video Skeleton

• The video skeleton is composed of multiple video details sections, each with a thumbnail, video title, and video metadata.
• There are multiple video skeleton sections, suggesting a list of recommended videos.

Info Container

• The info container holds primary information, including a title and count.
• It also contains a menu with multiple buttons.

Secondary Info

• The secondary info section contains top-row information, including the video owner, channel icon, and upload information.
• It also includes a subscribe button and published date.

Search and Masthead

• The search container includes a search input and a masthead logo with a country code.
• The masthead also includes multiple skeleton icons.

Footer

• The footer contains links to various YouTube pages, including About, Press, Copyright, and Contact us.
• It also includes links to Creators, Advertise, Developers, Terms, Privacy, and Policy & Safety.
• The footer includes a link to "How YouTube works" and a link to test new features.
• The copyright section is displayed at the bottom, stating "© 2024 Google LLC".

Bioinformatics

• Bioinformatics is important for data management from the biology world and modern medicine.
• It is a software program supported by the availability of the internet.
• Prospects in the field of bioinformatics include its future contribution to functional understanding of the human genome, leading to enhanced discovery of drug targets and individualized therapy.

Computer Science

• Computer Science is the study of computers and computational systems, including their principles, design, implementation, and applications.
• It encompasses both theoretical and practical aspects of computing, focusing on the development of algorithms, software systems, and computer hardware.

Information Technology

• Information Technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking, and other physical devices, infrastructure, and processes to create, process, store, secure, and exchange all forms of electronic data.
• IT also refers to the use, development, and management of computer-based systems, software, and networks to store, transmit, retrieve, and manipulate data and information.

Information Science

• Information Science is the science and practice dealing with the effective collection, storage, retrieval, and use of information.
• It is concerned with recordable information and knowledge, and the technologies and related services that facilitate their management and use.

Biomedicine

• Biomedicine is a branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to medical treatments.
• It is the umbrella theoretical framework for most health science and health technology work done in academic and government settings.
• Biomedicine allows medical professionals to understand how the human body functions through molecular levels.

Healthcare Information Technology

• Healthcare Information Technology (Health IT) involves the processing, storage, and exchange of health information in an electronic environment.
• It is important because the use of Health IT within the healthcare industry will improve the quality of healthcare and prevent medical errors.

Image Data Acquisition

• Image Data Acquisition is the primary point of data entry into a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), and errors created here can impact healthcare operations.
• Digital Image Processing in Radiography is designed to convert the raw digital image to an optimal or usable radiographic image.

Imaging Modalities

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging procedure that creates detailed images of the body's organs and tissues by using a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves.
• Computed Tomography (CT) scan combines a sequence of X-ray images collected from various angles around the body and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the bones, blood arteries, and soft tissues inside the body.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan is a type of imaging examination that can reveal the metabolic or biochemical function of tissues and organs.
• Diagnostic Ultrasound, often known as sonography or diagnostic medical sonography, is a type of imaging that employs sound waves to create images of structures within the body.
• Mammography is an X-ray imaging technique used to check the breast in order to detect cancer and other breast disorders early.
• Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scan is a type of nuclear imaging scan that combines computed tomography (CT) and uses a radioactive tracer to examine how blood travels to tissues and organs.
• Fluoroscopy is a medical imaging process that uses numerous pulses (short bursts) of an X-ray beam to display the internal organs and tissues on a computer screen in real-time.
• X-ray is a rapid, painless diagnostic examination that generates images of the structures inside the human body, specifically the bones.

Digital Image Processing

• Image processing is designed to convert the raw digital image to an optimal or usable radiographic image.
• Preprocessing refers to the initial steps that are applied to the raw imaging data, generally to correct for defects, imperfections, and non-uniformity in the detection system.
• Processing refers to the refinement of the raw digital data using algorithms to create an image that can be viewed.
• Post-processing refers to the adjustments that can be made to the contrast and brightness of the image using windowing and leveling techniques.

Bioinformatics and Ethics

• Moral reasoning is a systematic approach to making ethical decisions.
• Ethics is generally concerned with the standards, rules, or guidelines for moral or socially approved conduct.
• Ethical values include autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence.
• Healthcare professionals must be familiar with the moral, ethical, and legal implications of their behavior and performance.

Lawsuits

• A lawsuit is begun when a COMPLAINANT files a complaint (claim or petition) against the DEFENDANT with the court.
• Complaints on technologists can be made when they failed to provide treatment, provided inadequate treatment, committed misconduct, or caused injury as a result of their action or inaction.
• Phases of the lawsuit include pleading, discovery, trial, and appeal.### Lawsuit Process
• Each party in a lawsuit files initial papers, known as pleadings, which explain each party's side of the dispute.
• The complaint describes what the defendant did (or failed to do) that caused harm to the plaintiff and the legal basis for holding the defendant responsible.
• The defendant is given a specific amount of time to file an answer to the complaint, which provides their side of the dispute.
• The lawsuit may be dismissed or settled at any time before or during the trial.

Discovery Phase

• The discovery phase is usually the longest part of the case.
• The purpose is to ascertain the truth concerning the incident.
• Depositions may be conducted, where witnesses are questioned under oath by the parties' attorneys, and their answers are recorded by a court reporter.

Trial

• At trial, the parties present evidence in support of their claims or defenses to a jury and/or judge.

Post-Decision Appeal Process

• A party dissatisfied with the result may appeal to a higher court to review the trial court's proceeding.
• During an appeal, a party asks a higher court to reverse or review the decision.

Code of Professional Ethics for Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists

Relation with the State and Society

• Radiologic technologists and X-ray technologists should adhere to the Constitution, R.A. No. 7431, and other laws, rules, and regulations.
• They should consider the welfare and well-being of the public and the interest of the state.
• They are encouraged to involve themselves in civic affairs and cooperate with other organizations to promote the growth and welfare of the community.

Relation with Patients/Clients

• Radiologic technologists and X-ray technologists must act with dignity and sincerity in the discharge of their work.
• They should keep in confidence any data or findings obtained in the performance of their duty.
• They should not discriminate against anybody and should attend to all patients/clients regardless of creed, race, belief, or political affiliation.

Relation with Other Allied Professions

• Radiologic technologists and X-ray technologists should bear in mind that their profession is a public trust, and they should maintain and uphold the dignity and integrity of their profession.
• They should not directly or indirectly assist in any unauthorized practices of the profession.
• They should report any violations of R.A. 7431, the rules and regulations, and this Code of Ethics to the Board of Radiologic Technology.

Relation with Agency

• Radiologic technologists and X-ray technologists should assist in the improvement of governmental agencies' functions and the lessening of their patient's workload.
• They should be vigilant in the protection of equipment and materials needed to perform their duties.
• They should perform their tasks with good faith and to the best of their abilities, utilizing their technical skills and diligence.

Rights and Responsibilities of Patients

• Patients have the right to good quality health care and humane treatment.
• Patients have the right to dignity, and to be informed of their rights and obligations as patients.
• Patients have the right to choose their physician, hospital, or healthcare institution.
• Patients have the right to informed consent, refusal of treatment, and privacy and confidentiality.

Physician-Patient Relationship

• Trust is a fundamental characteristic of the physician-patient relationship.
• Patients must trust that their physicians will work in their best interests to achieve optimal health outcomes.
• Physicians should respect patient autonomy, dignity, and privacy.

Legal Doctrines Applied to Medical Practice

• Doctrine of Foreseeability: A person cannot be held liable for negligence if the injury sustained by the patient is unforeseen.
• Doctrine of Force Majeure: No person shall be responsible for those events which cannot be foreseen and are inevitable, such as floods, fire, earthquakes, and accidents.
• Doctrine of Respondeat Superior: Let the master answer for the acts of subordinates.
• Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur: Let the thing speak for itself.
• Rescue Doctrine: Doctrine under which anyone who negligently causes harm to a person or property may be liable to one who is injured in an effort to rescue the imperiled person or property.
• Fellow Servant Doctrine: Provides that if a servant (employee) was injured on account of the negligence of a fellow servant (employee), the employer cannot be held liable.
• Doctrine of Continuing Negligence: Contemplates an unfailing duty of the defendant to appraise, make necessary investigation or examination of his patient's injury with reasonable care and skill, failure of which constitutes a continuing act of negligence.