10 Questions
What is the main method used by ethnographers when gathering information about cultures?
Participation observation
Which branch of anthropology is focused on studying the physical remains of a past culture through excavation and reconstruction?
Archaeology
What is the system of values, ideas, behaviors, and attitudes of a society which are shared by its members known as?
Cultural anthropology
Who is best known for the Functionalism theory, which emphasizes the importance of interdependence between beliefs, actions, or relationships in a culture?
Malinowski
What does the practice of reflecting on your own world view, biases, and impact on the culture you are studying refer to?
Reflexivity
Who proposed the idea that anthropologists cannot compare two cultures because each has their own set of internal rules which need to be accepted?
Boas
According to Margaret Mead, what was the conclusion about the sexual freedom of Samoan girls in the 1920s?
They had more sexual freedom than American teen girls
Who is known as the father of modern structural linguistics and is best known for his theory of universal grammar?
Chomsky
According to linguistic anthropologists, what did Chomsky propose about human children and grammar?
Children are born with internal, universal rules for grammar
What did Friedl conclude about women's freedom in societies where men have more control over gathering?
Women have less freedom
Study Notes
Ethnographic Methods
- The main method used by ethnographers when gathering information about cultures is through participant observation.
Branches of Anthropology
- The branch of anthropology focused on studying the physical remains of a past culture through excavation and reconstruction is Archaeology.
Culture and Society
- The system of values, ideas, behaviors, and attitudes of a society shared by its members is known as Culture.
- A society's culture includes its values, ideas, behaviors, and attitudes that are shared among its members.
Theoretical Approaches
- Bronisław Malinowski is best known for the Functionalism theory, which emphasizes the importance of interdependence between beliefs, actions, or relationships in a culture.
Reflexivity
- Reflecting on one's own worldview, biases, and impact on the culture being studied is referred to as Reflexivity.
Cultural Relativism
- According to Claude Lévi-Strauss, anthropologists cannot compare two cultures because each has its own set of internal rules that need to be accepted.
Research Findings
- According to Margaret Mead's research, Samoan girls in the 1920s had a high degree of sexual freedom.
Linguistics
- Noam Chomsky is known as the father of modern structural linguistics and is best known for his theory of Universal Grammar.
- According to linguistic anthropologists, Chomsky proposed that human children are born with an innate capacity for grammar.
Gender and Society
- According to Ernestine Friedl, in societies where men have more control over gathering, women have less freedom.
Prepare for your HSP3U exam with this review of Chapter 1.1 focusing on cultural anthropology, ethnology, linguistics, and archaeology. Explore the system of values, ideas, behaviors, and attitudes shared by societies, as well as the study of past and present cultures.
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