HS133: Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems Overview
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Questions and Answers

What occurs to the diaphragm during inhalation?

  • It remains static
  • It contracts and moves downwards (correct)
  • It relaxes and moves upwards
  • It contracts and moves upwards

    • Which muscle primarily assists in inhalation by elevating the ribcage?

  • External intercostals (correct)
  • Internal intercostals
  • Diaphragm
  • Sternocleidomastoid

    • What is the effect of increased volume in the ribcage during inhalation?

  • Fluctuating pressure
  • Decreased pressure inside the chest (correct)
  • No change in pressure
  • Increased pressure inside the chest

    • Which of the following respiratory muscles is not involved in normal inhalation?

    <p>Internal intercostals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the right and left sides of the heart?

    <p>Septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publisher is associated with the book 'Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing and Healthcare Professionals'?

    <p>Pearson Education Limited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following resources is NOT an online material about the respiratory system?

    <p>Texas Heart Institute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Seikel, King, and Drumright's book?

    <p>Anatomy &amp; Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year was 'Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology' by Martini, Nath, and Bartholomew published?

    <p>2018</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the primary theme of the Visible Body resource mentioned.

    <p>How the structures of the upper respiratory system contribute to breathing and speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>Provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the alveoli play in the respiratory system?

    <p>Facilitate gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between ventilation and respiration?

    <p>Ventilation is about moving air while respiration is gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure initiates the stimulus for inspiration?

    <p>Respiratory centres in the medulla and pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main process of exhalation?

    <p>Diaphragm relaxes and moves up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function does the upper respiratory tract NOT perform?

    <p>Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body detect changes in carbon dioxide levels during breathing?

    <p>Using respiratory centres in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the thoracic cavity when the diaphragm tightens?

    <p>The size of the thoracic cavity increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain serves as the primary respiratory control center?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During inhalation, how does the pressure within the thoracic cavity change?

    <p>It decreases below atmospheric pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT part of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To transport hormones around the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chambers does the heart have?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the intercostal muscles during exhalation?

    <p>They relax, allowing the ribcage to fall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the heart located in the body?

    <p>Slightly left of the chest's center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System Overview

    • Primary functions include oxygen intake, carbon dioxide removal, disease resistance through air filtration, and airflow for speech.
    • Comprised of two tracts: upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.

    Upper Respiratory Tract

    • Components: Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx (voice box).
    • Functions: Heats/cools air, filters air, provides sense of smell, and directs air to the lower airway.

    Lower Respiratory Tract

    • Components: Trachea (windpipe), lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli (small air sacs for gas exchange).
    • Function: Supplies blood with oxygen.

    Gas Exchange Terminology

    • Ventilation: Movement of air from the environment into the lungs.
    • Respiration: Gas exchange between the environment and body cells; oxygen enters the blood, carbon dioxide is removed.
    • Breathing: Automatic process influenced by changes in carbon dioxide levels.

    Mechanics of Breathing

    • Inspiration: Process of bringing oxygen into the body.
    • Expiration: Process of eliminating waste products by expelling air.
    • Inhalation: Initiated by the medulla and pons; diaphragm contracts, increasing thoracic cavity size.
    • Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes and decreases thoracic cavity size, forces air out.

    Muscles Involved in Respiration

    • Primary muscles include the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
    • Abdominal muscles assist during forceful breathing.

    Neural Control of Respiration

    • Medulla: Primary control center for sending signals to respiratory muscles for inhalation/exhalation.
    • Pons: Regulates rate and speed of involuntary respiration.
    • Cerebral cortex: Controls voluntary respiration.

    Cardiovascular System Overview

    • Functions include transporting oxygen and nutrients to body cells, removing waste and carbon dioxide, and carrying hormones.
    • Key components: Heart, blood, blood vessels (veins and arteries).

    Heart Structure

    • Located left of the chest center, above the diaphragm, between the lungs.
    • Comprises four chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
    • Contains four valves that regulate blood flow.

    Blood Circulation

    • Right side of the heart receives blood and sends it to the lungs.
    • Left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it throughout the body.

    Respiratory Conditions

    • Various conditions can impact respiratory function; significant for speech-language therapy (SLT).

    Cardiovascular Conditions

    • Multiple cardiovascular diseases are prevalent and relevant to SLT practices.

    Activities and Research Tasks

    • Tasks include labeling diagrams of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and understanding the functions of respiratory muscles.

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    Related Documents

    1810 HS331 Respiratory and cardiovascular systems SV.pptx

    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, highlighting their main functions and structures. It discusses the importance of oxygen provision, carbon dioxide removal, and the role of the respiratory system in speech and disease resistance. Ideal for students studying health sciences.

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