Hormone Concentration and Transportation

Hormone Concentration

• Hormones are present in small amounts in the blood, measured in picograms per milliliter (one millionth of one millionth of a gram)
• Despite the small amount, hormones are present everywhere in the body, but their effect is determined by where the receptors are located

How Hormones Reach Their Destination

• Hormones are released into the blood, but there is no direct path to their target organs
• Hormones are like radio waves, flowing throughout the body, but only picked up by receptors that are "tuned in" to them
• Autocrine signals have receptors near the cells that produce them, paracrine signals have receptors close to the cells that produce them, and endocrine signals have receptors far away from the cells that produce them

Regulation of Hormone Concentration

• Metabolism affects concentration, with the liver and kidneys breaking down and excreting hormones
• For every hormone that reaches its destination, 99% or more are metabolized and excreted
• Secretion also affects concentration, through a feedback loop that stops hormone production when the desired effect is achieved

Feedback Loop

• A feedback loop is a mechanism where the products of a hormone's action stimulate the cessation of hormone production
• Example: Thyroid hormones stimulate the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to stop producing thyroid-stimulating hormone when enough thyroid hormones are present

Negative Feedback Loop

• The main way that secretion is controlled is through a negative feedback loop
• The negative feedback loop ensures that the body doesn't overproduce hormones and maintains a balance

Endocrine System and Behavior

• The endocrine system plays a crucial role in behavior, as hormones signal effects in different parts of the body that influence behavior
• The bridge between the physiology of the endocrine system and the psychology of behavior is formed through the coordinated hormonal responses
• Cognitive behavioral therapy is based on the idea that the mind can control physiological responses, including hormone production and regulation

Hormone Concentration

• Hormones are present in extremely small amounts in the blood, with concentrations measured in picograms per milliliter.
• Despite their small presence, hormones have a widespread impact throughout the body, with their effects determined by receptor location.

Hormone Transmission

• Hormones are released into the bloodstream, but there is no direct path to their target organs.
• Hormones function like radio waves, circulating throughout the body, but only responding to specific receptors that are "tuned in" to them.
• Autocrine signals have nearby receptors, paracrine signals have close receptors, and endocrine signals have distant receptors.

Hormone Regulation

• Metabolism, primarily through the liver and kidneys, affects hormone concentration by breaking down and excreting excess hormones.
• Only a small percentage of hormones (less than 1%) reach their destination, with the majority being metabolized and excreted.
• Hormone secretion is regulated through a feedback loop, stopping production when the desired effect is achieved.

Feedback Loops

• A feedback loop is a mechanism where hormone products stimulate cessation of hormone production.
• Thyroid hormones, for example, stimulate the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to stop producing thyroid-stimulating hormone when sufficient.

Negative Feedback Loop

• The primary mechanism controlling hormone secretion is the negative feedback loop.
• This loop ensures the body maintains a balance and prevents overproduction of hormones.

Endocrine System and Behavior

• The endocrine system plays a crucial role in influencing behavior through hormonal signals.
• The coordination of hormonal responses forms the connection between the physiology of the endocrine system and the psychology of behavior.
• Cognitive behavioral therapy is based on the idea that the mind can control physiological responses, including hormone regulation.

Hormone Concentration

• Hormones are present in extremely small amounts in the blood, with concentrations measured in picograms per milliliter.
• Despite their small presence, hormones have a widespread impact throughout the body, with their effects determined by receptor location.

Hormone Transmission

• Hormones are released into the bloodstream, but there is no direct path to their target organs.
• Hormones function like radio waves, circulating throughout the body, but only responding to specific receptors that are "tuned in" to them.
• Autocrine signals have nearby receptors, paracrine signals have close receptors, and endocrine signals have distant receptors.

Hormone Regulation

• Metabolism, primarily through the liver and kidneys, affects hormone concentration by breaking down and excreting excess hormones.
• Only a small percentage of hormones (less than 1%) reach their destination, with the majority being metabolized and excreted.
• Hormone secretion is regulated through a feedback loop, stopping production when the desired effect is achieved.

Feedback Loops

• A feedback loop is a mechanism where hormone products stimulate cessation of hormone production.
• Thyroid hormones, for example, stimulate the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to stop producing thyroid-stimulating hormone when sufficient.

Negative Feedback Loop

• The primary mechanism controlling hormone secretion is the negative feedback loop.
• This loop ensures the body maintains a balance and prevents overproduction of hormones.

Endocrine System and Behavior

• The endocrine system plays a crucial role in influencing behavior through hormonal signals.
• The coordination of hormonal responses forms the connection between the physiology of the endocrine system and the psychology of behavior.
• Cognitive behavioral therapy is based on the idea that the mind can control physiological responses, including hormone regulation.

Hormone Concentration

• Hormones are present in extremely small amounts in the blood, with concentrations measured in picograms per milliliter.
• Despite their small presence, hormones have a widespread impact throughout the body, with their effects determined by receptor location.

Hormone Transmission

• Hormones are released into the bloodstream, but there is no direct path to their target organs.
• Hormones function like radio waves, circulating throughout the body, but only responding to specific receptors that are "tuned in" to them.
• Autocrine signals have nearby receptors, paracrine signals have close receptors, and endocrine signals have distant receptors.

Hormone Regulation

• Metabolism, primarily through the liver and kidneys, affects hormone concentration by breaking down and excreting excess hormones.
• Only a small percentage of hormones (less than 1%) reach their destination, with the majority being metabolized and excreted.
• Hormone secretion is regulated through a feedback loop, stopping production when the desired effect is achieved.

Feedback Loops

• A feedback loop is a mechanism where hormone products stimulate cessation of hormone production.
• Thyroid hormones, for example, stimulate the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to stop producing thyroid-stimulating hormone when sufficient.

Negative Feedback Loop

• The primary mechanism controlling hormone secretion is the negative feedback loop.
• This loop ensures the body maintains a balance and prevents overproduction of hormones.

Endocrine System and Behavior

• The endocrine system plays a crucial role in influencing behavior through hormonal signals.
• The coordination of hormonal responses forms the connection between the physiology of the endocrine system and the psychology of behavior.
• Cognitive behavioral therapy is based on the idea that the mind can control physiological responses, including hormone regulation.