Chapter 13 Respiratory Physiology

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Which is TRUE about the pleural sac?

Which structure is NOT part of the "anatomical dead space"?

What is one function of the type II alveolar cells?

Type II alveolar cells are among the last cells to mature during fetal development. In babies born prematurely, type II alveolar cells are often not ready to perform their function. Which of the following would be TRUE of these babies?

Which of the following is most responsible for keeping the lung surface and the thoracic wall from separating?

During a yoga class, you take a deep breath, then relax and let the breath out slowly. During that exhalation, which of the following statements would NOT be true?

Which of these causes inhalation/inspiration?

Which is normally TRUE about the intrapleural pressure?

The volume of air flowing into the alveoli during inhalation/inspiration is increased when there is an increase in which of these?

Under normal circumstances, which of the following would result from an increase in transpulmonary pressure?

Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary surfactant is TRUE?

Under what condition is lung compliance increased?

Type II alveolar cells are among the last cells to mature during fetal development. In babies born prematurely, type II alveolar cells are often not ready to perform their functions. Which of the following drugs would be most likely to help an infant with immature type II alveolar cells?

Which of the following is a cause of asthma?

Which of the following is TRUE during the initial stage of an asthma attack?

Which of the following drugs, administered as an aerosol spray, would be most likely to help a patient during an asthmatic attack?

During a physical examination, a patient has a resting tidal volume is 550 mL; the average resting respiratory rate is 15 breaths per minute; the total lung capacity is 6,000 mL; and anatomic dead space is 150 mL. The patient's resting alveolar ventilation is

When lying down, a subject's respiratory rate is 12 breaths per minute, anatomical dead space is 150 mL, and minute ventilation is 7 L/min. Which of these is closest to alveolar ventilation in liters per minute?

Which of the following statements about the response of arteriolar smooth muscle to changing oxygen partial pressures is TRUE?

When you head to bed at night, you bring a glass of tap water with you and set it on the nightstand. Upon waking in the morning, you discover there are tiny gas bubbles along the sides of the container. The best explanation for this is:

You (a healthy individual) are swimming underwater when you can no longer resist the urge to breathe. This overwhelming urge is probably due to

You embark on a hiking trip on Mt. Kilimanjaro (altitude = 19,000 ft; Atmospheric air pressure = 379 mmHg). As you ascend, what happens to thein the alveoli?

You embark on a hiking trip on Mt. Kilimanjaro (altitude = 19,000 ft; Atmospheric air pressure = 379 mmHg). As you ascend, what are you likely to notice about your breathing?

You’re resting on the couch watching TV. Which of the following statements regarding the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 is true in a normal person at rest?

Regarding the relationships between the rates of oxygen consumption/carbon dioxide production and alveolar ventilation, which of these statements is TRUE?

A decrease in metabolism without a similar, compensatory decrease in alveolar ventilation will have what effect on the systemic pH?

Which of the following is NOT true regarding ventilation-perfusion inequality?

In which form is most of the oxygen carried in arterial blood?

If all other factors remain the same, which of these results in an increase in the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin?

Which of these is demonstrated by the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Which of the following would cause a decrease in the binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

During a run, your gastrocnemius (calf) muscle has a temperature of 38.5° C, while your biceps brachii (upper arm) muscle has a temperature of 37.5° C. Which of the following is TRUE of the red blood cells as they pass by these muscles?

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes a reaction that combines which of the following?

After CO2 is produced by tissues, in what form is most of that carbon transported to the lungs for removal from the body?

You find a friend in the midst of anxiety-induced hyperventilation. You’re unable to calm them down, so you call an ambulance. When your friend arrives at the ER, which of the following is the likely diagnosis?

A patient in the ward was recently in a motor vehicle accident. Their injuries are causing a lot of pain, and as a consequence to the morphine they've been given, respiratory rate is quite low. Which of the following is likely to be TRUE?

Which of these correctly describes the chloride shift?

What brain center has neurons that fire mainly during inspiration and have input to the spinal motor neurons that activate the diaphragm and inspiratory intercostal muscles?

Action potentials in neurons in the inspiratory center of the medulla oblongata result in action potentials in the _________ nerves to the diaphragm, which in turn cause _________ of the muscle, resulting in a/an _________ in the volume of the thoracic cage.

Which of the following are chemoreceptors?

Drug X is a new drug to treat Alzheimer’s Disease. This drug is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and circulate in the CSF. The drug is slightly acidic and at the recommended dose it decreases the CSF pH from 7.4 to 7.3. Will Drug X have any effect on respiration?

What is the primary regulator of the magnitude of alveolar ventilation under normal circumstances?

Which of the following statements regarding control of respiration is correct?

Which of these would tend to increase ventilation?

If the nerves from the carotid and aortic bodies are cut, which of these would occur?

You’ve just stepped on the treadmill and are beginning to increase your speed. As you reach your maximum, which of the following values will NOT increase?

Following strenuous exercise, blood levels of lactic acid are_________ compared to pre-exercise levels. This change in acid concentration causes a reflex_________ in ventilation by activating_________.

Which of the following statements regarding hypoxia is correct?

Which of the following conditions would result in a systemic arterial PO2 lower than is typical of a healthy person at sea level?

Which is characteristic of a person chronically suffering from hypoxic hypoxia?

Which correctly describes the cause of the increase in alveolar ventilation that occurs when a person ascends to high altitude?