30 Questions
What are the risks of airborne fungal diseases in hospitals during infrastructure repairs and renovations?
Dust and spores released during demolition and construction
How do hospital-acquired infections impact hospital resources?
They have a large financial impact on hospital resources and lead to increased utilization of antimicrobials.
What are the sources of endogenous infections in hospitals?
Patient's own flora of the skin, respiratory, GI, GU tract
Give an example of an exogenous infection source from the inanimate environment in hospitals.
Legionella from contaminated water IV fluids & catheters, endoscopes, ventilators, respiratory equipments, and disinfectants
What is the difference between direct and indirect contact as sources of infection?
Direct contact requires body surface to body surface contact, while indirect contact involves contaminated, inanimate objects.
How are respiratory particles generated in hospitals as sources of infection?
During coughing, sneezing, talking, and certain procedures like suctioning and bronchoscopy
What is the goal of IPAC in the context of preventing the transmission of infections?
The goal of IPAC is to break a link in the chain of infection.
Identify one type of device-related infection commonly seen in healthcare settings.
Central line-associated blood stream infection.
What is the reservoir in the context of infection transmission?
The reservoir is the habitat in which the infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies.
Name two types of nosocomial infections mentioned in the text.
Urinary tract infections and Respiratory tract infections.
How does an infectious organism leave the reservoir?
The organism can leave the reservoir through various portals of exit such as in feces, blood, mucus, etc.
What are the portals of entry for infections mentioned in the text?
Respiratory, faeco-oral, cuts in the skin, blood, or mucous membrane.
What strategies can be pursued simultaneously to prevent healthcare-associated infections?
Improving national surveillance, improving device design, aggressive antibiotic control, rigorous infection control measures, standard precautions, and transmission-based precautions
Why are healthcare-associated infections considered an indicator of the quality of patient care?
HAIs are considered an indicator of the quality of patient care because they are largely preventable and reflect the effectiveness of infection control measures.
What is the importance of developing noninvasive monitoring devices in preventing healthcare-associated infections?
Noninvasive monitoring devices are important as they help avoid the high risk associated with bypassing normal host defense barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes.
How can standard precautions help prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections?
Standard precautions are a set of practices meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources, thus preventing the spread of infections.
What is the significance of aggressive antibiotic control programs in the context of healthcare-associated infections?
Aggressive antibiotic control programs are significant as they help in combating antibiotic resistance and reducing the risk of HAIs caused by resistant pathogens.
Why is improving the design of invasive devices crucial in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections?
Improving the design of invasive devices is crucial to minimize the risks associated with these devices, which can introduce infections to patients.
How should gloves be removed properly?
Grasp outside of the glove with the opposite gloved hand and peel off, hold removed glove in gloved hand, then slide fingers of ungloved hand under the remaining glove at rest.
What is the purpose of masks in a healthcare setting?
Masks protect the wearer from splashes onto the mouth or nose by any fluid and from airborne infections.
Why is it important for masks to fit snugly over the nose and mouth?
Masks should fully cover the nose and mouth to prevent fluid penetration and ensure proper protection.
When should gowns and aprons be applied in a healthcare setting?
Gowns and aprons should be applied when spraying or spattering of blood or body fluids is anticipated, for example during surgical procedures.
Why is it recommended not to handle medications with bare hands?
Do not routinely handle medications with your bare hands to prevent contamination.
What is the purpose of high-efficiency masks like N95 masks?
High-efficiency masks (Respirators) like N95 masks prevent inhalation of infectious airborne particles, protecting the wearer from air-borne diseases.
Why is it important to wash hands before touching a patient?
To protect the patient against colonization and exogenous infection by harmful germs carried on health care worker hands.
What is the purpose of hand hygiene after touching patient surroundings?
To protect from colonization with patient germs on surfaces and to prevent germ spread in the healthcare environment.
Define hand antisepsis and state its duration.
Removal and destruction of transient flora using antimicrobial soap or alcohol based hand antisepsis for 60 seconds.
Why should healthcare workers practice hand hygiene after body fluid exposure risk?
To protect from colonization or infection with patient's harmful germs and to prevent germ spread in the healthcare environment.
Explain the difference between routine hand-washing and surgical hand scrub.
Routine hand-washing is for mechanical removal of soil and dirt, while surgical hand scrub is for removal and reduction of resident flora using antimicrobial soap or alcohol based detergent.
When should hand hygiene be practiced after touching a patient?
To protect healthcare worker from colonization with patient germs and to prevent germ spread in the healthcare environment.
Test your knowledge on the importance of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) and the risks of airborne fungal diseases in aging hospital infrastructures. Learn about the impact of these infections on patient morbidity, mortality, hospital resources, and antimicrobial utilization.
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