Hospital-Acquired Infections Quiz
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Questions and Answers

How is a nosocomial infection defined?

  • An infection that is present when the patient entered the healthcare setting
  • An infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility (correct)
  • An infection acquired outside of a hospital or healthcare facility
  • An infection originating from the patient's own skin microbiota

    • What are the possible sources of nosocomial infection?

  • Only the outside environment
  • Healthcare staff and the patient's own skin microbiota
  • Only infected patients
  • Contaminated equipment, bed linens, or air droplets (correct)

    • Why is an infection still considered nosocomial if it originates from the patient's own skin?

  • Because it is not considered nosocomial in such cases
  • Because it is always caused by healthcare staff
  • Because it develops in the healthcare setting (correct)
  • Because it is present when the patient entered the healthcare setting

    • What is the characteristic of nosocomial infection in relation to the patient's admission?

    <p>It tends to lack evidence that it was present when the patient entered the healthcare setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between sterilization and sanitation?

    <p>Sterilization kills all microorganisms on equipment and surfaces, while sanitation only reduces their numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of isolation in hospitals?

    <p>Preventing transmission of microorganisms by common routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of handwashing in infection control?

    <p>It is the single most important measure to reduce the risks of transmitting skin microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern related to healthcare workers' hand contamination?

    <p>Spread of nosocomial infections among immunocompromised patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two categories of micro-organisms that can be present on health care workers' hands?

    <p>Transient flora and resident flora.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the use of antibiotics in patients relate to the emergence of resistant strains?

    <p>Antibiotics may increase the selection pressure for the emergence of resistant strains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does sterilization achieve that sanitation does not?

    <p>Kills all microorganisms on equipment and surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for conducting correct hand-hygiene procedures?

    <p>To overcome the problem of health care workers' hand contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of deaths caused by healthcare-associated infections in the US in 2002?

    <p>99,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infections account for two-thirds of the estimated deaths in Europe each year?

    <p>Gram-negative infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most effective ways to combat nosocomial infections?

    <p>Thorough hand washing and/or use of alcohol rubs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of patients affected by hospital-acquired infections in the UK in 2017?

    <p>300,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can reduce hospital-acquired infections related to in-dwelling catheters?

    <p>Intravascular antimicrobial lock therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences patient susceptibility to hospital-acquired infections?

    <p>Immunosuppressive medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infections are included in device-associated infections?

    <p>Urinary tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Maryland implement to reduce hospital-acquired infections?

    <p>Maryland Hospital-Acquired Conditions Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the modern methods used to sanitize surfaces effectively against various pathogens?

    <p>Non-flammable Alcohol Vapor in Carbon Dioxide systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be used to disinfect the rooms of patients infected with specific pathogens after discharge?

    <p>Ultraviolet cleaning devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated cost of hospital-acquired infections to the NHS in the UK per year?

    <p>£1 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can reduce infections related to in-dwelling catheters?

    <p>Intravascular antimicrobial lock therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hospital-Acquired Infections: Causes, Effects, and Prevention

    • In the US, roughly 1.7 million healthcare-associated infections caused or contributed to 99,000 deaths in 2002
    • In Europe, gram-negative infections account for two-thirds of the estimated 25,000 deaths each year
    • Hospital-acquired infections can cause severe pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and display antimicrobial resistance
    • In the UK, about 300,000 patients were affected in 2017, costing the NHS about £1 billion a year
    • In-dwelling catheters have been identified with hospital-acquired infections and intravascular antimicrobial lock therapy can reduce infections
    • Patient susceptibility to hospital-acquired infection is influenced by factors such as immunosuppressive medications, impaired immunity, and presence of indwelling devices
    • Device-associated infections include ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and device-associated ventriculitis
    • Controlling nosocomial infection involves implementing quality assurance/quality control measures and evidence-based management
    • Maryland implemented the Maryland Hospital-Acquired Conditions Program, providing financial rewards and penalties for individual hospitals to reduce hospital-acquired infections
    • Thorough hand washing and/or use of alcohol rubs by medical personnel is one of the most effective ways to combat nosocomial infections
    • Sanitizing surfaces using modern methods such as Non-flammable Alcohol Vapor in Carbon Dioxide systems and hydrogen peroxide vapor has been effective against various pathogens
    • Ultraviolet cleaning devices may be used to disinfect the rooms of patients infected with specific pathogens after discharge

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about hospital-acquired infections with this quiz. Explore the causes, effects, and prevention methods for healthcare-associated infections, including the impact on patients and healthcare systems. Learn about measures such as hand hygiene, surface sanitization, and evidence-based management to control and reduce nosocomial infections.

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