Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where are hormones secreted into?
Where are hormones secreted into?
- Blood stream (correct)
- Lymphatic system
- Digestive system
- Nervous system
What do hormones regulate?
What do hormones regulate?
- Muscular functions
- Neuronal functions
- Digestive functions
- Metabolic functions of the target cells (correct)
Where do hormones act?
Where do hormones act?
- Exclusively on endocrine glands
- On the cells of organs and tissues with hormone receptors (correct)
- On the cells of the nervous system
- On the cells of the lymphatic system
What is the main characteristic of the paracrine way of chemical influence on cells?
What is the main characteristic of the paracrine way of chemical influence on cells?
How do hormones travel in the endocrine way?
How do hormones travel in the endocrine way?
What is the main characteristic of the autocrine way of chemical influence on cells?
What is the main characteristic of the autocrine way of chemical influence on cells?
Where do hormones in the endocrine way have their effects?
Where do hormones in the endocrine way have their effects?
How do hormones travel in the endocrine way?
How do hormones travel in the endocrine way?
What is the main characteristic of the autocrine way of chemical influence on cells?
What is the main characteristic of the autocrine way of chemical influence on cells?
What is the primary mode of action for hormones in the endocrine way?
What is the primary mode of action for hormones in the endocrine way?
What can prolonged exposure to some hormones do to target cells?
What can prolonged exposure to some hormones do to target cells?
How does continuous release of hypothalamic GnRH affect pituitary gonadotrops?
How does continuous release of hypothalamic GnRH affect pituitary gonadotrops?
What happens to the number of receptors in target cells when sensitization occurs?
What happens to the number of receptors in target cells when sensitization occurs?
What is the primary effect of GnRH on pituitary gonadotrops?
What is the primary effect of GnRH on pituitary gonadotrops?
Where are membrane receptors located?
Where are membrane receptors located?
What type of hormones do nuclear receptors for steroid & thyroid hormones bind?
What type of hormones do nuclear receptors for steroid & thyroid hormones bind?
What is the primary function of nuclear receptors for steroid & thyroid hormones?
What is the primary function of nuclear receptors for steroid & thyroid hormones?
What is the primary characteristic of the messenger cascade?
What is the primary characteristic of the messenger cascade?
What is the primary characteristic of the transducer complex
What is the primary characteristic of the transducer complex
What is the term for the cooperative action of hormones that amplifies the overall response?
What is the term for the cooperative action of hormones that amplifies the overall response?
Which term describes when one hormone enables the effect of another hormone?
Which term describes when one hormone enables the effect of another hormone?
What is the term for the action of hormones that act independently and simply add up their effects?
What is the term for the action of hormones that act independently and simply add up their effects?
Classification of hormones according to their
chemical structure
Classification of hormones according to their chemical structure
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the hormonal axes?
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the hormonal axes?
What is the primary effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bones when blood calcium levels increase?
What is the primary effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bones when blood calcium levels increase?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect calcium reabsorption in the kidneys when blood calcium levels rise?
How does parathyroid hormone (PTH) affect calcium reabsorption in the kidneys when blood calcium levels rise?
What is the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in relation to the production of calcitriol (active vitamin D) when blood calcium levels rise?
What is the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in relation to the production of calcitriol (active vitamin D) when blood calcium levels rise?
What is the role of calcitonin in response to decreased blood calcium levels?
What is the role of calcitonin in response to decreased blood calcium levels?
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in regulating blood calcium levels?
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in regulating blood calcium levels?
Which pancreatic cell type produces somatostatin?
Which pancreatic cell type produces somatostatin?
Which hormone is produced by B (β) cells?
Which hormone is produced by B (β) cells?
What is the hormone produced by F cells in the pancreas?
What is the hormone produced by F cells in the pancreas?
How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?
How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?
What is the primary function of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels?
What is the primary function of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels?
What is the main effect of glucagon on glycogen in the liver?
What is the main effect of glucagon on glycogen in the liver?
Which hormone inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon?
Which hormone inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon?
Where is somatostatin primarily produced?
Where is somatostatin primarily produced?
What is the primary effect of somatostatin on the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the primary effect of somatostatin on the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the primary function of Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP)?
What is the primary function of Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP)?
What is the role of Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) in pancreatic hormone regulation?
What is the role of Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) in pancreatic hormone regulation?
What effect does Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) have on the release of insulin and glucagon?
What effect does Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) have on the release of insulin and glucagon?
What is the primary effect of Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) on insulin and glucagon?
What is the primary effect of Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) on insulin and glucagon?
What activates the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) in response to low blood pressure, low blood volume, or low sodium levels?
What activates the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) in response to low blood pressure, low blood volume, or low sodium levels?
What conditions typically trigger the activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?
What conditions typically trigger the activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?
Which organ releases an enzyme that activates the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?
Which organ releases an enzyme that activates the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?
What is the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the renin-angiotensin system?
What is the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the renin-angiotensin system?
Where is angiotensinogen, the protein acted upon by renin, primarily produced?
Where is angiotensinogen, the protein acted upon by renin, primarily produced?
What is the primary effect of angiotensin II in the body?
What is the primary effect of angiotensin II in the body?
What is the primary function of aldosterone in the kidneys?
What is the primary function of aldosterone in the kidneys?
What is the consequence of increased blood volume and pressure due to aldosterone function?
What is the consequence of increased blood volume and pressure due to aldosterone function?
What stimulates the release of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?
What stimulates the release of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?
What is the primary effect of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) on blood vessels?
What is the primary effect of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) on blood vessels?
What does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) inhibit the release of?
What does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) inhibit the release of?
What is the primary role of the hypothalamo-pituitary unit?
What is the primary role of the hypothalamo-pituitary unit?
Which glands are primarily regulated by the hypothalamo-pituitary unit?
Which glands are primarily regulated by the hypothalamo-pituitary unit?
What is the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary unit in hormone regulation?
What is the function of the hypothalamo-pituitary unit in hormone regulation?
What is the function of the releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus?
What is the function of the releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus?
What stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary?
What stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary?
Which gland primarily releases growth hormone (GH)?
Which gland primarily releases growth hormone (GH)?
What is the primary effect of growth hormone (GH) release?
What is the primary effect of growth hormone (GH) release?
What is the primary role of prolactin (PRL) in the endocrine system?
What is the primary role of prolactin (PRL) in the endocrine system?
How is prolactin (PRL) regulated in the body?
How is prolactin (PRL) regulated in the body?
What effect does prolactin (PRL) have on gonadotropin release?
What effect does prolactin (PRL) have on gonadotropin release?
What is the primary effect of growth hormone (GH) in muscle and lipid cells?
What is the primary effect of growth hormone (GH) in muscle and lipid cells?
What primarily stimulates the release of Ghrelin by the stomach?
What primarily stimulates the release of Ghrelin by the stomach?
How are the effects of growth hormone (GH) primarily mediated?
How are the effects of growth hormone (GH) primarily mediated?
What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary?
What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary?
Which hormones are stored and released by the posterior pituitary?
Which hormones are stored and released by the posterior pituitary?
Which hormone enhances smooth muscle contraction in the wall of the uterus and stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands?
Which hormone enhances smooth muscle contraction in the wall of the uterus and stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands?
Where does oxytocin primarily enhance smooth muscle contraction?
Where does oxytocin primarily enhance smooth muscle contraction?
What is the primary function of oxytocin in the endocrine system?
What is the primary function of oxytocin in the endocrine system?
What is the primary effect of vasopressin on the kidneys?
What is the primary effect of vasopressin on the kidneys?
How does vasopressin affect blood pressure?
How does vasopressin affect blood pressure?
What is the role of vasopressin in reducing water loss?
What is the role of vasopressin in reducing water loss?
What primarily stimulates ADH secretion?
What primarily stimulates ADH secretion?
What can activate Angiotensin II (Ang II) leading to ADH secretion?
What can activate Angiotensin II (Ang II) leading to ADH secretion?
Which condition can stimulate ADH secretion?
Which condition can stimulate ADH secretion?
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