Hormones and Endocrine System Quiz

<p>Glucagon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low blood glucose levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bind to receptors on the cell membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct alteration of DNA by the hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nervous communication is almost instantaneous. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is localized in its effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid-soluble hormones induce responses in target cells more slowly than water-soluble hormones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To secrete hormones directly into the blood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones are critical for maintaining homeostasis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One hormone can have multiple types of effects on different tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces longer-lasting effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T3 and T4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulatory and inhibitory hormones from the hypothalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces hormones that regulate the pituitary gland's secretions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a metabolic disorder with both genetic and lifestyle risk factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gestational diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive thyroxine production leading to weight loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative feedback mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart disease and stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It accounts for a significant portion of healthcare spending (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hormone stored in the posterior pituitary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands, secreted directly into the bloodstream, and acting on specific target cells to regulate various bodily functions.

A system of glands that produce and secrete hormones, regulating various physiological processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

The communication of signals through specialized cells called neurons, using electrical impulses and chemical neurotransmitters, for rapid and localized responses.

The communication of signals through hormones, released into the bloodstream, reaching various cells and tissues for widespread and long-lasting effects.

Maintaining a stable internal environment within the body, despite external changes, through the coordinated action of the nervous and endocrine systems.

The ability of a hormone to bind to a specific receptor on a target cell, activating a cascade of events that lead to a particular cellular response.

Hormones that are water-soluble, meaning they can dissolve in water and travel freely in the bloodstream, binding to receptors on the cell surface.

Hormones that are lipid-soluble, meaning they can dissolve in fats and cross cell membranes, binding to receptors inside the cell.

A hormone that helps lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake from the blood into cells.

A hormone that helps raise blood glucose levels by promoting glucose release from the liver into the blood.

The release of hormones can be controlled by specific metabolites in the blood, other hormones, or stimulation of neurons.

The process where a hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA, activating or deactivating genes and ultimately leading to the production of new proteins.

Hormones that have opposite effects on a particular process. This helps maintain balance and stability.

A system where the output of a process inhibits or reduces the process itself, creating a feedback loop to regulate the process.

The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary through releasing and inhibiting hormones.

Thyroid hormone, consisting of T3 and T4, regulates various bodily functions like heart rate, muscle tone, and energy metabolism.

Thyroxine secretion is regulated by a negative feedback loop involving TRH, TSH, and thyroid hormone.

Iodine deficiency disrupts thyroid hormone production, leading to thyroid enlargement (goitre).

Goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to insufficient thyroid hormone production.

Graves' disease is a condition characterized by hyperthyroidism, leading to excessive thyroxine production.

Hyperthyroidism causes symptoms like weight loss, tremor, sweating, and hyperactivity.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by either insufficient insulin production or resistance to insulin.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks its own insulin-producing cells.

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the body becomes resistant to insulin.

Gestational diabetes is a temporary form of diabetes occurring during pregnancy.

The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and obesity are key features of the metabolic syndrome.

SysVasc Consortium is an international research group focusing on cardiovascular disease.